! New Broadband Normal NBN Melbourne IEEE Communications Society, RMIT 26 August 2020, 12:00pm AEST (7:00pm 25 August PDT) John M. Cioffi Chairman, CEO, ASSIA Inc Professor Emeritus, Stanford University cioffi@Stanford.edu With special thanks to Dr. Ioannis Kanellakopoulos Reliably Fast Broadband & Wi-Fi for the Home COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL 1 1 1 !
Agenda/Outline § The Pandemic-induced “new normal” National Broadband Network ≜ nbn existing • à New Broadband Normal ≜ NBN future • § Spectrum and Space (Wireless Dimensionality) and “CSL” § Convergence and channelization § Ergodic Spectrum Management (AI-based QoE management) 2 !
NBN Data Traffic Downlink Minimum increase (NA Operator) daily averaged Range: 30-50% increase Uplink daily Maximum increase (EU Operator) averaged Range: 50-100% increase 3 !
Drivers to New (broadband) Normal of increased use? § Large number of employees working from home Trend is highest among professionals • More uplink traffic (speakers and video) • § Employees downloading/uploading more work files § Students viewing on-line lessons Stanford Spring Quarter 2020, 6,000 student survey • 4/5 said productivity reduced by online somewhat • 1/6 said the issue was poor broadband connection • § Entertainment (those with more time suddenly and no where to go) § Telemedicine § Tele court system … 4 !
NBN Telework Acceleration more teleworkers in residential access will pay more for higher-grade solution qz.com Reeves and Rothwell (2020) Telework 6 % à 50+ % in pandemic Telework & ability-to-pay strongly correlated NBN: Remain 30+ % after pandemic 5 !
Some Australian data rates 6 !
Not to mention the usual internet-traffic drivers More applications, more traffic, more devices 7 !
nbn –2019 Annual Report 2018 – DT CEO T. Hoettges estimates 300-500B Euros to deploy 5G within EU § FTTP and 5G fixed are most expensive Report of Australia’s Broadband Futures Project 2020 Others all use copper • § Existing nodes/cabinets already have fiber cost is much less (obviously) • 8 !
Spectrum and Space (wireless dimensionality) CSL = Cellular Subscriber Lines * Reliably Fast Broadband & Wi-Fi for the Home * Cellular Subscriber Lines , J.M. Cioffi, C.S. Hwang, I. Kanellakopoulos, J. Oh, K. Kerpez, Invited Paper to appear in IEEE Transactions on Communication, 2020. 9 !
Dimensionality in Wireless LTE – “Resource Blocks” § Time-Frequency 2 x time x bandwidth = # of dimensions • 10 2G 0 300 kHz -10 3G Amplitude (dB) -20 1.2 MHz -30 4G / Wi-Fi (200 ns on 2 nd path) 20 MHz -40 -50 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 5G Frequency (MHz) § Time-Space 3D (at least …..) • Transmit Receive antennas antennas Spacing of half wavelength or more • Wavelengths are getting small (cm to mm • Can time-schedule spatial-dimension use • Number of channels can be up to # of antennas “streams” • 10 !
5G MU-MIMO migration (cost paths) Cellular Subscriber Lines (CSL) 𝑠 #$% very small (copper) 5G Massive MIMO ; radius 𝑠 !" → small (more fiber) Source: E Bjornson, Linkoping U fiber fiber Center is connected to Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) Each of these smaller “cells” is at end of copper in a building higher-power antenna arrays lower power, smaller antennas difficult arc/beam carving (co-linear interference issues) needs fiber to each antenna array (expensive for smaller cells / mmW) inside home or business copper link IF is part of the small-cell link Massive MEC (& cloud) à more efficient space & spectrum 11 !
CSL: 10x more data for 10% of the cost and 1% of the power % $ !"# § User advantage is 𝑂 !"#$ ∝ $ $% If 𝑠 #$ = 200𝑛 and 𝑠 %&' = 20𝑛 , Then 𝑂 ()*+ → 100× • Requires good cloud/edge management • , + !"# Path loss is less: loss ∝ where 𝛽 = 4 (maybe even 5), considering in-home. • + $% Despite 100x as many antennas, total driver power is significantly less • Cheaper antennas • Better spatial resolution • § Much higher use of available resources § It costs significantly less and provides a higher performance level And NBN can use the nbn node architecture already built • § CSL = “Massive Distributed Antenna System” – many more cheap antennas § Mobile spectrum outdoors, with longer distances, still also also available With appropriate adaptive spectrum management • 12 !
5G Challenges Table (vs CSL) § Well-known 5G triangle § Compare with CSL High data rates (eMBB; video,VR, games) 5G 5G 5G 5G CSL CSL CSL CSL mMTC mMTC mMTC mMTC Creates 100x more base stations at lower cost Creates 100x more base stations at lower cost Creates 100x more base stations at lower cost Creates 100x more base stations at lower cost ( m assive M achine- T ype C om) ( m assive M achine- T ype C om) ( m assive M achine- T ype C om) ( m assive M achine- T ype C om) Reduces power by 100x Reduces power by 100x Reduces power by 100x Reduces power by 100x Increases density by 10x to 100x Increases density by 10x to 100x Increases density by 10x to 100x Increases density by 10x to 100x 5G eMBB eMBB eMBB Supports 100 Mbps range to more places Supports 100 Mbps range to more places Supports 100 Mbps range to more places ( e nhanced M obile B road B and) ( e nhanced M obile B road B and) ( e nhanced M obile B road B and) inside (and outside) home inside (and outside) home inside (and outside) home uRLLC uRLLC < 1ms latency ; requires good cloud and edge mgmt < 1ms latency ; requires good cloud and edge mgmt u ltra R eliable L ow- L atency C om u ltra R eliable L ow- L atency C om Reliable, low delay Low power/cost/density Long deployment cycle Sooner (uRLLC, security, finance) (mMTC, IoT) 13 !
CSL keeps all the nice 5G system! -just adds a simple IF Virtual Open Management IF-API RF-API Optional de/re-modulator south north very low cost RAN CSL-IF CSL-RF baseband device CSL (looks like wireless to RAN and device) access network customer edge (central office, premises cell tower, or other) RAN = Radio Access Node IF = Intermediate Frequency Current nbn Node See [CSL], “Cellular Subscriber Lines,” Cioffi et al, invited paper IEEE Com Trans, soon RF = Radio Frequency The baseband wireless link now includes the copper baseband § Which (usually) has less attenuation than same-length wireless link • Analog amplification possible CSL-RF • Multiplex several cellular spatial streams on single wire • 14 !
Time-Domain Burst Format (frequency-scaled in baseband) § Runs at 8/3 3GPP bandwidth downlink uplink Turn-around, other data § Low latency option << 1ms § Turn-around time has “much extra” for other service § Performance pretty close to best xDSLs (G.fast, etc) anyway [CSL] 15 !
Multiple spatial streams can share one line Matrix Wireline x bb Inv Freq Pre/post × × ! 1-link Freq Scale ! ! s Scale - ! (time channel L × 1 De- bursts) code burst U × 1 !"# 𝑛 !"#$!% = L m 5 G − DSL = L f c − f IF f IF m 5 G − DSL = L 𝑛 !"#$!% = 𝑀 ≥ 𝑉 H d − air H d − fix Q d − ran antennas H u − air Q u − ran H u − fix ! ! ! m × U m × m 𝑛 !"#$!% × 𝑉 m ST-CSL -way CSL-IF 𝑛 !"#$!% × 𝑛 !"#$!% U × m CSL-RF with MIMO Converter 𝑉 × 𝑛 !"#$!% MIMO processing full power on only the final wireless link § Better performance because there is no crosstalk from other spatial • streams on the single line There can be crosstalk from other CSLs on other single lines in same § binder 16 !
Multi-Link CSL? There can be crosstalk between CSL lines § Unused copper lines to one place? - Bond them together § Multiple antennas still low power, but their effect can be magnified § Cloud-based 𝑔 − f IF ,1 −𝑔 Management *,+ &',) '()*'+ Spatial streams 𝑀 & × × Baseband Post-d-fix Baseband Q Pre-d-air . . Coder Coder s Matrix Equivalent x bb ! ! matrix . Matrix ! Energy Multiply . − f Wireline / / IF , m 5 G − DFE 𝑛 !"#$!% " 𝑀 & ×1 rescale (precoder or mL × 1 . Pre-u-fix Multi Post-u-air N s × 1 Channel H . × postcoder) Coder × Coder CSL-IF (matrix) matrix 𝑀 & matrix 𝑛 !"#$!% ' 𝑀 & ×𝑂 ' − f IF ,1 𝑔 *,, , CSL-RF+ Wireless Channel MIMO Edge RAN CSL MIMO System Wireless MIMO 17 !
Mega-MIMO (puts it all together) § Many Massive MIMOs § CSL Switch allows very flexible spatial use Overlapping homes can assist each others • Cloud-based Management J lines (or multi-links) N A , J 𝒚 ++,- 𝑂 ' CSL-Base Station J H J CSL-RF+ , J R 30 𝒚 ++,. Wireless Channel J 𝑂 ' CSL-Base Station J-1 CSL Mega . . J, N s -way 𝒚 ++,/ … . . 𝑂 ' MIMO H j-1 . . CSL-RF+ , j CSL-IFs R 30 Switch 𝒚 ++,0 CSL-Base Station 1 𝑂 ' . CSL- ESM H 1 CSL-RF+ , 1 . R 30 . Stage 3 N A , J Wireless Channel 1 Multiple CSL MESH System Cellular link Wi-Fi MIMO Networks’ Base Station’s 18 !
Convergence and Channelization Reliably Fast Broadband & Wi-Fi for the Home 21 !
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