The AUTEC array as a The AUTEC array as a neutrino detector… neutrino detector… Neutrino Fishing Neutrino Fishing in the Bahamas in the Bahamas
At different times work contributed by: S tudy of Shaffique Adam † , Giorgio Gratta, A coustic Nikolai Lehtinen § , Justin Vandenbroucke $ , Yue Zhao U ltra-high energy (Stanford University) T.Berger # , M.Buckingham N eutrino (SCRIPPS, UC San Diego) (SCRIPPS, UC San Diego) D etection † Now at Cornell University § Now at University of Hawaii, Manoa $ Now at UC Berkeley # Now at ??????? Many thanks to the US Navy and, in particular: Many thanks to the US Navy and, in particular: D.Belasco, J. Cecil, D. , J. Cecil, D. Deveau Deveau, , D.Belasco D. Kapolka Kapolka, T. Kelly , T. Kelly- -Bissonnette Bissonnette D. G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 2
An acoustic array in sea water is only sensitive to neutrinos (and showering muons) since the atmosphere stops all other species Merit: particle ID is automatic Liability: (probably * ) insensitive to the bulk of events * Assuming the bulk of events are protons G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 3
Look for an existing very large hydrophone array with lattice density and frequency response matching the needs of UHE neutrino detection This is non-trivial: most military arrays are built for surveillance (make sure enemy subs don’t come too close) So they are: • sensitive at low frequency (~<100 Hz) because • subs produce mainly low frequency noise • high frequency noise does not propagate very far • sparse (signals come from hundreds of km distance) • very secret… G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 4
A tlantic U ndersea T est and E valuation C enter The largest USN high resolution, deep tracking array. G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 5
Tongue of the Ocean from space Tongue of the Ocean from space G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 6
Sheltered AUTEC IN-WATER TRACKING AREAS (islands and ~m deep shoals) NASSAU NEW PROVIDENCE 25° 00´ Deep (~1.5 km) NATO FORACS AND OCEAN ANDROS ISLAND HAUL DOWN FACILITY volume of water SITE 1/2 EXUMA TRACKING AREA MAIN BASE MAIN BASE SOUND MAIN BASE (120 sq. nmi) Tongue WEAPONS RANGE Of The Ocean SITE 2 SITE 2 SITE 2 24° 30´ SITE 3/4 SITE 3 SITE 3 TRACKING AREA SITE 3 (500 sq. nmi) Very little shipping SITE 4 SITE 4 SITE 4 traffic SITE 2 24° 00´ e SALVADOR CAY n o h p SITE 3 o r BIGWOOD CAY d y h TONGUE OF SITE 4 l s a n GOLDING CAY r o THE OCEAN e i t v a e s t S y s a r e r r a o h 23° 30´ s 4 77° 30´ 76° 30´ 77° 00´ G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 7
G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 8
AUTEC Site 1 on Andros Island AUTEC Site 1 on Andros Island G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 9
Autec Site 3 ( Site 3 (Bigwood Bigwood Cay) Cay) Autec G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 10
Range is large, helicopter is the favorite transportation (but boat is cheaper) G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 11
G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 12
1.57 km 1.56 km 1.53 km 1.51 km 1.50 km 1.52 km G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 13
G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 14
~4.5 m G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 15
Autec phones are a good match phones are a good match Autec to the problem but their lattice to the problem but their lattice spacing in x,y x,y and z and z is too is too spacing in coarse to be optimal coarse to be optimal G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 16
Very simple setup for cosmic- -ray DAQ: ray DAQ: Very simple setup for cosmic • 1.7 GHz Pentium IV 1.7 GHz Pentium IV • • Natl Natl Inst sound card (digitize 7 channels at 179 Inst sound card (digitize 7 channels at 179 kS/s kS/s) ) • • Trigger/digital filter coded in Trigger/digital filter coded in LabView LabView • • 60 GB hot 60 GB hot- -swappable FireWire drive shipped back swappable FireWire drive shipped back • and forth to ferry data and program upgrades and forth to ferry data and program upgrades Acquire 1 ms (179 Samples) for every event Acquire 1 ms (179 Samples) for every event Use adaptive threshold Use adaptive threshold External drive G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 17
G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 18
Present arrangement with the US Navy is very straightforward: • Our DAQ is connected to their analog front–end via a multi-conductor cable • During their tests they physically disconnect us Overall 70% livetime livetime Overall 70% is easy to obtain is easy to obtain • 16 months at the array • 208 days livetime • 25M triggers • 350GB data G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 19
Status: Status: • Properties of the AUTEC array relevant for UHE neutrinos Properties of the AUTEC array relevant for UHE neutrinos • published in published in N.Lehtinen et al. et al. Astropart Astropart. Phys. 17 (2002) 279 . Phys. 17 (2002) 279 N.Lehtinen • Largest data Largest data- -set ever collected being analyzed, set ever collected being analyzed, • paper expected in the near future (see Justin’s talk) paper expected in the near future (see Justin’s talk) Future plans: • Equip entire array (~60 phones and 250 km 3 ) • Possibly use new array (slightly larger with readout entirely at Site 1 • Improve adaptive threshold algorithm • Introduce 2-level trigger, with online coincidence detection • GPS time in data stream • Collaborators would be welcome ! G.Gratta, AUTEC 1st Acoustic MiniWorkshop, Stanford, Sept 13-14, 03 20
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