Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC GianLuca Sabbi for the LARP – HiLumi LHC Collaboration 2012 Applied Superconductivity Conference 1 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
Contributions M. Anerella, J. Cozzolino, J. Escallier, A.K. Ghosh, J. Muratore, S. Peggs, J. Schmalzle, P. Wanderer H. Bajas, M. Bajko, L. Bottura, G. DeRijk, O. Dunkel, P. Ferracin, J. Feuvrier, L. Fiscarelli, C. Giloux, J. Perez, L. Rossi, S. Russenschuck, E. Todesco G. Ambrosio, N. Andreev, E. Barzi, R. Bossert, J. DiMarco, G. Chlachidze, F. Nobrega, I. Novitski, V. Kashikhin, J. Kerby, M. Lamm, P. Limon, D. Orris, E. Prebys, M. Tartaglia, D. Turrioni, G. Velev, M. Whitson, R. Yamada, M. Yu, A. Zlobin S. Caspi, D.W. Cheng, D.R. Dietderich, H. Felice, A. Godeke, S. Gourlay A.R. Hafalia, R. Hannaford, J.M. Joseph, A.F. Lietzke, J. Lizarazo, M. Marchevsky, G. Sabbi, A. Salehi; T. Salmi, R. Scanlan, X. Wang 2 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
Presentation Outline 1. Program motivation and goals 2. Overview of LARP magnet R&D 3. Main achievements to date 4. Outstanding technical issues 5. Prototype design and development plans Related presentations at ASC 2012 : • G. Ambrosio et al., “Test results and analysis of Long Nb 3 Sn Quadrupole Series by LARP” • H. Bajas et al., “Cold Test Results of the LARP HQ01e Nb 3 Sn quadrupole magnet at 1.9 K” • D. Cheng et al., “Evaluation of insulating coatings for wind-and-react coil fabrication” • G. Chlachidze et al., “Test of optimized LARP Nb 3 Sn quadrupole coil using magnetic mirror structure” • A. Ghosh “Perspective on Nb 3 Sn Conductor for the LHC Upgrade Magnets” • A. Godeke et al., “Review of Conductor Performance for the LARP High-Gradient Quadrupole Magnets” E. Todesco et al., “Design studies of NbTi and Nb 3 Sn Low- � Quadrupoles for the High Luminosity LHC” • • X. Wang et al., “A system for high-field accelerator magnet field quality measurements” 3 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
High Luminosity LHC Physics goals: • Improve measurements of new phenomena seen at the LHC • Detect/search low rate phenomena inaccessible at nominal LHC • Increase mass range for discovery Required accelerator upgrades include new IR magnets: • Directly increase luminosity through stronger focusing � decrease β * • Provide design options for overall system optimization/integration � collimation, optics, vacuum, cryogenics • Be compatible with high luminosity operation � Radiation lifetime, thermal margins Figure of merit is integrated luminosity, with a target of 3000 fb -1 4 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
IR Upgrade “Roadmap” F. Zimmerman, IR’07 Workshop E. Todesco, 2011 HiLumi-LARP meeting ������ ���������� ���� �������� ��������� ������ ������ �������� ���� ������� ������� ���! �������� �������� ������ ������ ���� ������ ��������� ���������� ����� ���! ������ �������� ����� "������#��� Complex interplay between different aspects of the machine design: beam dynamics, magnets, energy deposition and shielding, cooling, powering… 5 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
Quadrupole Optimization Roadmap High field technology provides design options to maximize luminosity Stronger focusing More luminosity Higher Larger Aperture Better Field Quality Longer Lifetime Field (same/lower gradient) Lower radiation Thicker absorbers and heat loads Easier cooling More Operating Margin Higher T margin (at same gradient / aperture) Stable operation Faster development More Design Margin Less cost & time (same gradient / aperture) Lower risk for small production Higher Gradient Shorter magnets Better IR layout (same/lower aperture) 6 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
LARP Magnet Program Goal: Develop Nb 3 Sn quadrupoles for the LHC luminosity upgrade Potential to operate at higher field and larger temperature margin R&D phases: • 2005-2010: technology development: conductor, coil, structure • 2007-2012: length scale-up from 1 to 4 meters • 2009-2014: incorporation of accelerator quality features Program achievements to date: • TQ models (90 mm aperture, 1 m length) reached 240 T/m gradient • LQ models (90 mm aperture, 4 m length) reached 220 T/m gradient • HQ models (120 mm aperture, 1 m length) reached 184 T/m gradient Current activities: • Completion of LQ program to extend TQ results to long models • Optimization of HQ, fabrication of LHQ coils and test in mirror • Design and planning of the M QX F IR Quadrupole development 7 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
Overview of LARP Magnets SM SQ TQS LQS LR TQC HQ 8 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
Sub-scale Quadrupoles (SQ) • Four “SM” racetrack coils • 130 mm bore, length 30 cm Achieved 97% of SSL at 4.5K & 1.9K - Validated conductor for TQ01 models - First shell-based quadrupole structure - Verification/optimization of FEA models - Quench propagation/protection studies C C 9 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
Long Racetracks (LR) • Scale up of “SM” coil and structure: 30 cm to 4 m • Coil R&D: first successful length scale-up • Structure R&D: friction effects, magnet assembly • Achieved 11.5 T, 96% of short sample limit LRS01b: segmented shell LRS01a: single shell P. Ferracin, J. Muratore et al., IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Vol: 18 (2), 2008, pp. 167-170 SG1 SG2 SG3 SG4 SG5 SG6 10 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
Technology Quadrupoles (TQ) • Double-layer, shell-type coil TQC TQS • 90 mm aperture, 1 m length • Two support structures: - TQS (shell based) - TQC (collar based) • Target gradient 200 T/m • Three coil series using different wire design MJR 54/61; RRP 54/61; RRP 108/127 • More than 30 coils fabricated • Distributed coil production line • 15 magnet tests in different configurations • Two models assembled and tested at CERN 11 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
TQ Highlights Quench performance • Maximum gradient 240 T/m • 20% above target • No retraining Stress limits • TQS03a: 120 MPa at pole, 93% SSL • TQS03b: 160 MPa at pole, 91% SSL • TQS03c: 200 MPa at pole, 88% SSL • Peak stresses are considerably higher • Considerably widens design window Cycling test • 1000 cycles • No change in mechanical parameters • No change in quench levels 12 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
Long Quadrupole (LQ) • TQ length scale-up from 1 m to 4 m • Three series of coils S1 D1 • All models reached 200 T/m target (2) (1) • Recent results and next steps in: G. Ambrosio et al. S2 D2 4LA-01 (Thursday AM) (4) (4) S3 (2) D3 (1) S4 (2) 13 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
High-Field Quadrupole (HQ) R&D goals : • Explore “new territory” in energy and force levels (~3xTQ) • Incorporate field quality and full alignment Main parameters : • 120 mm aperture, 15 T peak field at 220 T/m (1.9K) • Coil stresses approaching 200 MPa (if pre-loaded for SSL) 14 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
HQ Highlights – Pre-load control • HQ explores stress limits and test results confirm pre-load window is very narrow • HQ01e: asymmetric loading for better stress uniformity P. Ferracin et al., IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Vol: 22 (3), 2012 15 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
HQ Highlights – Field Quality • Geometric harmonics show good coil uniformity and structure alignment • Persistent current effects are large but within limits set by design study • Large dynamic effects indicate need to better control inter-strand resistance � Cored cables incorporated in second generation coils Analysis of geometric accuracy from random errors Eddy current harmonics for different ramp rates 1.E+00 12 kA, R.ref = 21.55 mm harmonics σ (units) 1.E-01 1.E-02 fit normal skew 1.E-03 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Harmonic order R c fit 0.2–3.6 µ � (LHC target: ~20 µ � ) Block positioning error ~29.6 µ m . Discussion of magnetic measurement system by X. Wang et al., 4JE-04 (Thursday PM) 16 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
HQ Highlights – Quench Performance • Achieved 184 T/m at 1.9K (85% of SSL) – well above performance target � However, high rate of coil failures (excessive strain and insulation weakness) • Flux jump effects appear less severe at 1.9K (5-10 times smaller amplitude) • Quench protection studies: energy extraction delay, then removal of IL heaters Latest results from CERN test of HQ01e at 1.9K: H. Bajas, 4LA-02 (Thursday AM) 17 ASC 2012 Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupoles for HL-LHC – G. Sabbi
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