Nationalism Lecture 13: Review Prof. Lars-Erik Cederman Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Center for Comparative and International Studies (CIS) Seilergraben 49, Room G.2 lcederman@ethz.ch http://www.icr.ethz.ch/teaching/nationalism Assistant: Kimberly Sims , CIS, Room E 3, k-sims@northwestern.edu
Trajectories Historical Midterm Review Definitions Theories
Definitions Ethnic Ethnic Nation State Category Community Boundaries objective, self-perceived, self-perceived, objective, externally categorical categorical territorial imposed Source of — solidarity, nationalism patriotism & direct links & enforcement cohesion categorical categories mass loyalty Normative — tradition national self- territorial principle determination sovereignty Examples: colonial Germany and Germany and Habsburg peoples before Italy before Italy from early Empire decolonization 19th century 19th C.
State Nation Nation-State Definitions community Ethnic Category Ethnic
Theories of nationalism: Main Debates Nationalist Anti-nationalist primordialism ideology Essentialism Constructivism Perennialism Modernism
Essentialism Cultural Political Raw Material Articulation, Identities Rediscovery 1 : 1 Ethnic cores See Cederman, “Nationalism and Bounded Integration”
Constructivism Cultural Political Raw Material Selection & Identities Mobilization Ethnic boundaries
Constructivist vs. Essentialist Theories Constructivists Essentialists • Gellner • A. D. Smith – Philosophy of history – Ethnogenesis – Functionalist – Ethnic cores of argument nations • Lateral ethnies • Benedict Anderson • Vertical ethnies – Print capitalism • Michael Mann – Discursive literacy – External dimension
Lords and vassals Peasants Kings Feudal Europe Church Emperor
Early Modern Europe Diplomacy & Interstate Warfare Relations Descending sovereignty States
Nationalist Systems Change Irredentism Interstate Relations States Ascending sovereignty Nations
Nationalism’s Three Time- Zones in State-Framed Europe Nationalism Unification Nationalism French Separatist Revolution Nationalism
History: State-Framed Nationalism Common state? Western Europe: No Yes Britain, France, Sweden, Phase I: Spain State- formation Common nation? No Phase II: Nation- building Yes
History: Unification nationalism Common state? Central and Southern No Yes Europe: Germany and Italy State- Common nation? Phase I: formation No Nation- blocked formation Yes Phase II: State- building
History: Separatist Nationalism Common state? Eastern Europe: No Yes Ottoman, Habsburg, Phase I: Russian Empires State- formation Common nation? No Phase II: Nation- Secession building blocked Yes
Recent cases • Anti-/Post-Colonial Nationalism • Nationalism under and after communism • Ethnic conflict • Beyond nationalism: European integration • Beyond nationalism: Pan-nationalism and religious fundamentalism
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