National Mission For National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Sustainable Agriculture Strategies for Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change Strategies for Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change Department of Agriculture and Cooperation Department of Agriculture and Cooperation Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Govt. of India Govt. of India 2011 2011
National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Climate change is no more an environmental concern. It has emerged as the biggest developmental challenge for the planet. ( UNDP 2009) 2
Interplay Interplay Interplay Interplay National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Food System Food System Climatic Farm or Farm or Cropping Cropping Variability System System and Extreme Risks Events Crop and Crop and Livestock Livestock Agriculture sector being closely tied to natural resource base is more vulnerable to climate change (NAPCC) 3
Risks on Agriculture Risks on Agriculture Risks on Agriculture Risks on Agriculture • Lower National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Productivity Crops • Poor quality of Produce Affects Livelihood Agrarian Agrarian Food Soil and • Degradation and Security Water Distress Distress Depletion and Resources Economy • Additional Heat Livestock Stress and • Impact on Fisheries Aquatic Habitat 4
Risks From Agriculture Risks From Agriculture Risks From Agriculture Risks From Agriculture National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture • 17.6% of total GHG is from Agriculture • 63.4% contributed by Livestocks and 20.9% by Rice Cultivation 5 Million Tonnes of CO2 Equivalent Source: MoEF, 2010
Climate Change Projections Climate Change Projections Climate Change Projections Climate Change Projections • Climatic Variability and Extreme Events National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture – Temperature Rise: 0.2 degree Centigrade per decade – Mean Summer Rainfall to increase – Frequent and Longer dry spells – Shorter but Heavier Precipitation Events – Hot Extremes, Heat Waves to be more common – Contraction of Snow Cover – Rise in Sea Levels IPCC-2007 IPCC-2007 • Degradation of Natural Resources (Land/Water/Bio- diversity) 6
Impacts Impacts Impacts Impacts National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Reduction of Agriculture Yields in Long Term: Upto 40% by 2100 (NAPCC) If no adaptation and mitigation measures are taken 7
Conceptualizing Conceptualizing Conceptualizing NMSA Conceptualizing NMSA NMSA NMSA National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Beginning the • Brain-Storming Session Process chaired by Hon’ble AM Formulation of • Stakeholders Ministries Approach Paper and Departments Consultations • Knowledge Institutions (TERI, ICRISAT, CRIDA) Preliminary Draft • State Governments Document • Dr. K Kasturirangan • Dr. M S Swaminathan Expert Review Final Draft • Prof. Abhijit Sen Document • Dr. G S Kalkat 8
Vision Vision Vision Vision Contribute to Economic Stability at the National National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Level Ensure Food Security and Equitable Access to Food Resources Transform Transform Grow and Ecologically Agriculture into Agriculture into Sustain agricultural Climate Resilient Climate Resilient production to its Fullest Production system Production system Potential Enhance Livelihood Opportunities 9
Focus Focus Focus Focus • To realize the enormous agricultural growth potential National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Dryland Farming of the drylands and secure farm-based livelihoods through customized crop varieties and practices • To contextualize action plans to regional scales for Strategic Planning at Agro Climatic Zone improving efficiency and effectiveness in R&D, Level Technology, Product & Practices, Capacity building • Use of Bio Technology, Management of heat stress in Customized interventions to livestock, Improving water use efficiency, Soil enhance productivity conservation, Capacity building • Access to information, Risk Management, Market Easy access to Information and Infrastructure • Institutional Linkages with stakeholders, civil society Institutional Support • Model Village and Farm Units Linking Laboratory to • Establishing Linkages between Research, Industry and Land Farmers
Approach Approach Approach Approach Research and Development National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Technology, Products and Practices Infrastructure Capacity Building Functional Areas Functional Areas Dimensions Dimensions 11
Functional Areas Functional Areas Functional Areas Functional Areas • Biotechnology, Drought resistant Crops Research and • Livestock Development • Research on Dryland Agriculture Technology, • Resource Conservation Technology Product and • Agricultural Mechanization Practices • Integrated Farming • Financial Infrastructure (Insurance, Credit) Infrastructure • Market Infrastructure • Information Network Capacity • Farmer-Industry-Institution Linkage Building • Knowledge Management 12
Programme Programme Programme of Action Programme of Action of Action of Action National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Mainstreaming adaptation and Mainstreaming adaptation and mitigation measures in ongoing mitigation measures in ongoing Interventions through Interventions through upscaling upscaling and and course course-correction correction Introduction of new programmatic Introduction of new programmatic interventions interventions Policy Instruments and Convergence Policy Instruments and Convergence 13
• Agricultural inputs, Farm mechanization, Organic Farming , Micro Irrigation Mainstreaming, (NHM NHM, , NFSM NFSM, , RKVY RKVY, , NPMSF NPMSF) National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Embedding and • Research on Crop, Livestock, Agriculture Census Upscaling (NAIP NAIP, , FFDS FFDS, , NPCBB NPCBB) • Markets, Insurance, Credit (TMC TMC, , WBCIS WBCIS, , NAIS NAIS, , KCC KCC) ) • Extension (RKVY RKVY, , ATMA ATMA, , KVK KVK) • Agricultural Intelligence System • Market research (Production-Retail chain) • Resource Conservation Technologies New (RCT) Interventions • Management of feeding schedule for livestock • Web based digitized climatic information and forecasting system 14
• Crop insurance • Financial incentives for Resource Policy National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Conservation Instruments • Water policies and pricing • Agriculture Power, Renewable Energy • Agro Agro-Forestry Forestry- National Mission for a “Green India” • Water Pricing, Water Efficiency Water Pricing, Water Efficiency- National Water Mission • Energy Pricing for Irrigation, Energy Energy Pricing for Irrigation, Energy Convergence Efficiency Efficiency- National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency • Knowledge Management Knowledge Management- National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change 15
Institutional Framework Institutional Framework Institutional Framework Institutional Framework National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture National Level National Level Central and State Governments Co-Ordination Knowledge Institutions, Stakeholder Inter- Ministries (Min. of Water Resources; Ministerial Power; Environment and Forest; Rural Co-Ordination Development; Earth Sciences; Science and Technology, Finance, etc.) Dept. of Agriculture & Cooperation, Intra- Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Ministerial Agricultural Research & Education, Co-Ordination NGO’s, Civil Society, Private Partners and Other Stakeholders 16
Outcome Outcome Outcome Outcome 320 Projected total Projected total foodgrain foodgrain productions that productions that could be achieved after could be achieved after proposed proposed 301.00 interventions interventions 300 286.20 Projected total Projected total foodgrain foodgrain 281 280 production to meet demand production to meet demand in Million Tonnes 271.10 271.2 261.33 261.6 260 257.05 252.22 251.9 248.00 247.75 243.29 240 240.1 238.82 Probable yield loss due to Probable yield loss due to 234.3 climate change climate change 223.29 220 217.90 200 2010-2011 2011-12 12 2012-13 13 2013-14 14 2014-15 15 2015-16 16 2016-17 17 2017-18 18 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-21 21 17
Outcome Outcome Outcome Outcome Scenario 2020: Foodgrain Demand- 281 Million Tonnes • Climate Change impacts Food Grains Worst Case Productions and ‘No Adaptation & Mitigation Measures’ are taken Scenario • Food Grain Production: 261 Million Tonnes ( Shortfall: 20 Million Tonnes) • Climate Change impacts agriculture but Optimum ‘Adaptation and Mitigation Measures’ are implemented Scenario • Food Grain Production: 281 Million Tonnes ( Shortfall: NIL) Best Case • Food grain production surpasses target Scenario and reaches 301 Million Tonnes (Excess: 20 Million Tonnes) 18
Financial Implication Financial Implication Financial Implication Financial Implication Capacity Research and National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Building Development (5%) (6%) Technology, Infrastructure Product and (29%) Practices (60%) Rs. 1,08,000 Crores in form additional budgetary support 19 (Upto 2016-17 at current prices)
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