MoOC Massive Open Online Course concept Université Pierre et Marie Curie Yves Epelboin www.upmc.fr Directeur du SG TICE Yves.Epelboin@upmc.fr Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Warning • MOOCs are an evolving subject The contents of this presentation will be valid only until 12:30 2/04 2013 May be before! Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Context • MOOCs : an international tsunami coming from the US • Pressure from Brussels: official announcement to come mid-April • European OER initiatives: TERENA MTF • A visit to the US in November: – Pennsylvania U. MOOC – Drexel U. A US vision: – Educause adaptable to Europe? Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
A socio-economic view Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Some US facts • A technophile society • An historical use of technology in Higher Education: – To attract customers – To solve the pedagogical difficulties – An old home work dream • Some steps: – 2002: Western Governors University www.wgu.edu – 2004: OCW MIT : ocw.mit.edu – Khan Academy : www.khanacademy.org Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
The US university model • A business model: – Students = customers • Payment by study • Attractivity and publicity – Local diploma, no state intervention – Profitability : few permanent staff (tenure) – Tuition pays for Research (non profit institutions) and for profit institutions(Phoenix) • Public universities: – Same model with some State funding Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
The economical crisis • Tuition fees at an innaceptable level: – Over 10 000 $ in public universities – 40 000 – 60 000 $ private universities • An abyssal students debt: 1000 Milliards $ – Mean value 25 000 $ in 2012 (15 000 $ in 2004) – 40 Millions loans (20 Millions in 2004) Source : Le Monde 23/03/2013 Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Tuiton debt • The number of borrowers : – 20 millions in 2004, 40 millions in 2012 • 40% under10 000 $, 30% under 25 000 $, 30% more than25 000 $ • A negative impact on the US economy First debt before housing! Source : Le monde 23/03/2013 966 Millions US $ Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Solutions • Facts: – 30% students only in primary study – Many partial workers (services on campus…) – A trend to drastically reduce staff expense (tenure) • Use of IT to reduce costs MOOC Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
MOOC • A massive course: over 140 000 students! – Few interactions with teachers – Pure distance learning – Automatic tests and peers controls – Certification at the end • Certification is not credential – Not for free • A high dropout rate (90%) Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
The main actors • edX : Harvard, Berkeley, U. of Texas… www.edx.org • Coursera : Stanford, EPFL, Edinborough… www.coursera.org • Canvas : Brown, U. of C. Florida… www.canvas.net • Udacity : private company www.udacity.com • Futurelearn : Open University www.futurelearn.com Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
An important investment • Course scenario renewed • New documents and OER • Massive use of short videos (chunks 5-7 mn) • New designed LMS: – Large number of students in one course – Designed for little follow-up – Collaborative and social tools – Automatic quizzes Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
An important funding • Finances : edX : 60 M$ • One course: 100 000 – 600 000 $ • A full time job to design a course Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Business model ? A means to increase HE productivity The realistic Industrial The model: call product in « generous products, competition model» then on with Open Yet to come payment classical Education : (see Open study but at who is University a lower funding? UK) price Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Already a model taking shape • A mass teaching model at lower cost • Already not so open : – Option « Signature track » for certification (Coursera) – First grades to enter college (Arizona, Arkansas, Cincinnati… • New recruiting model • To attract new customers already engaged in professional life (grants for successful applicants…) • To decrease the tuition cost (Drexel) – Industrial business model at lower price • Phoenix • The concept of a new economical model for Higher Education Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
A new grading sytem • 13/11/2012 Coursera: – 33 courses accepted as credits by renown universities such as Stanford, Penn, Princeton, Brown, Berkeley… – Move from the OCW concept towards a pay model – A paying certification revolving towards a paying graduation – Business model shared with the industry: Wiley Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
… and now? « MOOCs as capital-biased technological • change » J. Zevin The Magnet is always on, 17/12/2012 • edu@2025 R. Katz http://video.upmc.fr/differe.php?collec=S_edu_2025 « Udacity has already partnered with more than • 20 companies who verify and accept the certificates of course completion » S. Thrun, (Standford et Google) in CNN W. J. Bennett, 5/07/2012 Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Models for Europe? • The economical model: – Mass and open? – Less expensive distance learning model? • The organization model: – Centralized : HE European model? – Competition among consortiums? • European, national scale? • Merging with US consortiums? • The funding problem – LMS – Support staff and teachers – Contents Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
MO O O O C ? Some insight Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
From OCW to x-MOOC and c- MOOC See Phil Hill, Educause Review , 1 er novembre2012 • Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
c-MOOC • The connectivist model – « All learners, all teachers » • No build path, no pedagogical path • Some resources available but – Bring your own resources – Web crawling more important than anything else • Aims: – Exchanges, social learning – Network and connections – Acquisition of knowledge • Certification: how? Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
c-MOOC • MOOC: unidentifieds learning object • « Gathering of people who desire to exchange skills and expertise on a given subject in a collaborative and informal way » MOOC guide http://moocguide.wikispaces.com Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
c-MOOC : a course? • A c-MOOC is not a course in the usual meaning – It is a means to connect people – It is a means to collaborate • It is an event where interested people meet. • Every participant brings his/her own work • Every one contributes • Every one judges the others (kudos) Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
c-MOOC: a course? • Course as a collection of documents, videos, blogs, forums, social spaces, tweets, tags… • Based on a distributed knowledge all around the Web • Participants are encouraged – To be independent – To work in their own space (community, language…) – To build his/her own community network for life long term Dave Cormier U. of Prince Edward Island Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
x-MOOC • Main lecture: – Videos = the theater – Documents = books • Application classes: – Exchanges among participants (forums, social tools) – Crowd learning – Exchanges with teachers • Comments in forums et social tools • Assessments – Quizzes • Degree = Certification • Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
A 21st century answer? • Alternative to classical learning: – Information is everywhere – Information is accessible from anyplace – Knowledge is distributed (Wikipedia…) • A MOOC is: – Open to everybody – Participatory – Distributed – Based on a network of relations for all along the life education Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Flipped learning • Inverted pedagogy – All participants – All learners – All teachers • End of the classical academic model – Delivering documents – Pedagogical support – Assessments … • A new model for the 21st century student Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
A young technology • « One course = one platform » Charles Severance, Indiana University • Virtualization • Virtual distributed platform (cloud) to sustain the load • Open source : – Canvas : Ubuntu (Debian, MacOS?) – edX : Xblock, just released (MIT) – Class2go (Stanford) (Python, Django) – Coursebuilder (Google)(Django) – OpenMOOC (Spain)(Python, Django) – Sakai CLE (Apereo fundation, Java) – Claroline Connect (to come) Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
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