A collaborative MOOC-Project by: A collaborative MOOC-Project by: part of the part of the
Sustainable biopolymers Production, applications and future directions Lars M. Blank A collaborative MOOC-Project by: part of the
Perspectives concerning biopolymers Lars M. Blank & Nick Wierckx A collaborative MOOC-Project by: part of the
Worldwide polymer/plastic production 2015 393 Mt global polymer 322 Mt production 3 2010 global plastic production 4 275 Mt total plastic waste 1 6,350-245,000 t 2 estimated plastic waste 2017 floating at the ocean 31.9 Mt surface coastal 2.05 Mt mismanaged bio-plastic plastic waste 8 Mt production 5 plastic waste goes into the see Adapted from Jambeck et al., Science 2015; Data origin: 1 Plastics Europe, „Plastics – The Facts 2013“; 2 Cozar et al., 2014; Erikson et als., 2014; 3 European Bioplastics, nova-Institute 2015; 4 Plastics Europe, „Plastics – The Facts 2016“; 5 European Bioplastics, nova-Institute 2017
Sustainable biopolymers • bio-based drop-in polymers à create “bio-versions” of existing monomers and polymers e.g. bio-PET and bio-PE • new bio-based polymers with higher performance and value e.g. PLA and PHA • up-cycling of plastic waste bacteria degrading fossil-based plastic and producing biodegradable plastic from monomers
From 30 % to 100 % bio-based PET • currently, 13 – 30 % bio-based PET available • main bottleneck: bio-TPA Nestlé & Danone source: Coca Cola Company, Danone
Alternative: PEF – polyethylene furanoate • based on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) • bio-based alternative to terephthalate • PEF has better barrier properties than PET • compatible with PET recycling (<5%) O O OH FDCA O HO O OH A collaborative MOOC-Project by: terephthalic acid (TPA) part of the HO O www.synvina.com/products/pef/ source: Corbion, Synvina
How did we get to bio-based FDCA? • via 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) • product of thermochemical treatment of cellulose-rich biomass • common inhibitor in lignocellulosic hydrolysate ? O OH O HO O O FDCA A collaborative MOOC-Project by: HO O part of the HMF
Search for HMF-degrading bacteria • enrichment cultures • isolate HMF-degrading bacteria from nature • identified isolated bacteria → Cupriavidus basilensis HMF14 A collaborative MOOC-Project by: part of the Wierckx et al. Microbial Biotechnol. 3:336-343. Patent WO2011026906
Characterized HMF degradation pathway • identified hmf genes • characterized HMF pathway → intermediate: FDCA! • HMF oxidase HmfH enables FDCA production A collaborative MOOC-Project by: part of the Koopman, Wierckx et al. Bioresource Technol. 101:6291-6296 Patent WO2011026913; WO2012064195
Whole-cell biocatalyst O HMF HO O P. putida S12 • whole-cell biocatalyst O • cofactor integration HMF HO O • easy enzyme production endogenous HmfH hmfH dehydrogenases • solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas putida O OH HMF acid • reactive substrate O HO • H 2 O 2 by-product HmfH O OH O • versatile metabolism FDCA O HO • faster conversion due to dehydrogenases A collaborative MOOC-Project by: O part of the OH O FDCA O HO
Fed-batch conversion of HMF 35 biomass, HMF acid, FDCA (g/l) FDCA 30 decrease C- increase C- 25 source feed source feed biomass 20 15 10 decrease HMF feed 5 HMF acid 0 A collaborative MOOC-Project by: 0 30 60 90 120 150 part of the time (h) start HMF feed
Purify the product 99.4% pure FDCA boil extraction pH→0.5 centrifuge with THF biomass water impurities Impurities A collaborative MOOC-Project by: part of the
Timeline: from bacterial isolation to purified product • May 2007: collect soil and water samples • Oct 2007: identified Cupriavidus basilensis • Jun 2008: characterized HMF degradation route • Nov 2008: constructed FDCA production host - Patent applications • Sep 2009: produced 1 st 10 grams of pure FDCA • Mar 2011: produced 1 st 500 grams of pure FDCA A collaborative MOOC-Project by: part of the
A collaborative MOOC-Project by: part of the
A collaborative MOOC-Project by: A collaborative MOOC-Project by: part of the part of the
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