MOBILITY AIRCRAFT INTEROPERABILITY IN A MULTI-DOMAIN ENVIRONMENT (A/TA SEMINAR BRIEF) Daniel Malloy LM Aero SoSITE Program Manager LM Aero ADP daniel.p.malloy@lmco.com Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
REALIZING MULTI-DOMAIN DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE • Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) require increased warfighter speed in DATA TO DECISION - Platforms need to be interoperable in a dynamic Command & Control (C2) architecture - Operations based on heterogenous distributed platforms, sensors, weapons, and applications - Decision making is distributed across the battlespace • Datalink communications, machine-to-machine information exchange, and automated/autonomous decision aids are key enablers for realizing this MDO architecture • USAF is developing and maturing foundational technology through flight test demonstrations to realize MDO sooner than thought possible • Two key MDO enabling technologies: - FLEXIBLE AUTONOMY FRAMEWORK to enable enhanced Situational Awareness (SA) and mission management (C2) with minimum impact on Pilot/Operator workload - “ STITCHES ” technology developed under DARPA's SoSITE Program to enable interoperability Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS (MDO) VISION To Produce High-velocity, Involves Multi-Domain Every Node Connects Planning…and Execution – Shares – Learns operationally agile ops that present multiple dilemmas for an adversary at an operational tempo they cannot match Multi-Domain Operations: Warfare that operates using the integrated capabilities of: • Space • Air Resilient - Distributed - Multi Domain - • Land Open Architecture - Platform Agnostic - Affordable • Surface • Interoperability across various mission systems • Cyber • Fast-track ability to develop, deploy and field capabilities • Accelerate sharing of information and decision making Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
OODA LOOP: DECISION SUPERIORITY • What is the threat • Where is the threat • How am I oriented to the threat • Where are other mission assets • Who can respond • What capability do they have Need to shrink our decision loop and OODA Loop keep it inside the adversary’s decision loop • What needs to be done about threat • What are ways to mitigate threat • Select mitigation • Enable mitigation Observe, Orient, Decide, Act (OODA) Loop – Developed by Col. John Boyd USAF Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
VISION: RETHINKING PLATFORMS AS PART OF A MULTI-DOMAIN SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS Mission Systems • Sensor Mission Systems • Communications • Electronic Warfare • Communications Mission Systems Platform • Sensor Combat Cloud • Communications AOC Node Mission Systems • Mission SA / C2 Mission Systems • Communications System of Systems • Weapons Mission Systems • Mission SA / C2 • Battle Manager (SoS) • Communications • Communications Mission Systems Rethinking Current • Platforms & Future Military • Pilot/Operators Systems • Communications Enablers Mission Systems Mission Systems • Open System Architectures • Pilot/Operator • Weapons • Autonomous Applications • Mission SA / C2 • Battle Manager • Communications • System Interoperability • Communications System-of-Systems Architecture (SoS) = Platforms + mission systems + distribution of mission systems information and C2 across platforms Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
CROSS-DOMAIN APPLICATIONS Naval Integrated Fire Control – Counter-air (NIFC-CA) • Elevated, Forward Sensors Data-Linked to Shooters • Shortens Kill Chain…Moves Engagement Earlier Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
FLIGHT DEMONSTRATIONS • Demo'ing building blocks for future MDO • 5 th to 5 th and 5 th to 4 th Comms • Multi-Level Security, Open Sys Arch. • High Assurance computing (where needed) • Common Mission C2, EW, Weapons Integration • Multi-Domain: Air-Space Integration • SoS Engineering Enterprise-OSA Mission Computer Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
HUMAN AUGMENTATION, MACHINE AUTONOMY “ The complexity of integrating forces has eclipsed the human’s ability to make timely decisions, synchronize fires, and optimize allocation of resources .” - Navy Fleet Forces Command N8/N9 Acquisition and Trust Timeline Decision aids and Data Analytics Decision Aids Full Autonomy Flexible autonomy to deal with complexity Manual Full Autonomy Control Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
SOS INTEGRATION • System of Systems Integration Technology Experimentation (SoSITE) - Goal: Seamless and rapid integration across air, space, land, sea and cyber in contested environments - STITCHES: Novel integration technology - EMC2 Box: Open computing environment and security protections between systems Tactical / Strategic System of Systems Allows forces to rapidly • Demonstrating rapid and affordable integration of mission systems into reconfigure and prevail existing and new architectures over any threat Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
FLEXIBLE AUTONOMY
SCALABLE & FLEXIBLE AUTONOMY FRAMEWORK Building Trust In Autonomy, With The Warfighter “On The Loop” vs. “In The Loop” For Faster Data To Decision Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
DEVSECOPS SOFTWARE BASELINE APPROACH TO ENABLE AFFORDABLE AND RAPID SOLUTIONS • USG-Owned H/W & S/W Standards (OMS/UCI) DEPLOYABLE ON • Plugin-based, Operator Verified HMI COTS H/W OPEN ARCHITECTURE COMPLIANT • Proven Modular architecture to support centralized or distributed solutions INTUITIVE HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE • Algorithm agnostic, supports third party business logic DEVSECOPS : integrating security practices within the DevOps process. DevSecOps involves creating a 'Security as Code' culture with ongoing, flexible collaboration between release engineers and security teams Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
FLEXIBLE AUTONOMY PROVEN AND ESSENTIAL FOR MDO • MDO Applicability - Provides domain agnostic automation tools • Feasibility - Proven, High-Technology Readiness Level - Open System Architecture systems already in USAF operations • Scalability Flexible, Autonomous - Intuitive automation easily able to scale from tactical Framework Ready to to ops & to all services /agencies • Warfighter Impact Transition Across All - Provides decreases in warfighter cognitive workload Multi-Domain and reduces operational manning requirements by building trust in autonomous system operations Operations Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
DARPA SoSITE PROGRAM & STITCHES S ystem o f S ystems I ntegration T echnology E xperimentation (SoSITE) & S ystem-of-systems T echnology I ntegration T ool C hain F or H eterogenous E lectronic S ystems (STITCHES)
THE CHALLENGE OF INTEGRATING A SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS Standards enable swift integration, but maintaining backwards- compatibility and “future - proofing” slows progress Source: https://xkcd.com/927/ Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
System of Systems Integration Technology and Experimentation (SoSITE) Hypothesis: System of Systems Approach Provides Increased Accomplishments Mission Utility, Cost Leverage, and Adaptability • Multiple SoS architectures were created during “Gauntlets”: rapid integration events lasting 1 -2 weeks • Gauntlet workup 3-4 months, average < $500K, small teams of < 5 personnel per subsystem • SoS integration occurs < hours • The STITCHES tool chain was used by industry and government teams to integrate existing DoD systems during these SoSITE Gauntlets • Gauntlet-3: rapid SoS creation: 45 minutes to create automated cooperative jamming via datalink Objective: Integrate new & existing systems faster than the measure-countermeasure cycle (nominally 90 days) • Gauntlet-4: real-time ATO kill chain: reduced task time of a Approach: Use automated toolchain to integrate new mission to <10 minutes multiple stand-alone subsystems into a new SoS • Gauntlet-5: automated & distributed EW protection • SoS defined by needed capability, not limited by standards • Gauntlet-6: integrated key threat & no-fly data between • Global interoperability without global standards; use database several Command & Control (C2) systems to automatically translate messages between subsystems • Gauntlet-7: integrated naval EW systems to enable • Use rapid integration events to reduce risk of adopting new shared detections architectures ATO: Air Tasking Order SoS: System of Systems EW: Electronic Warfare STITCHES: SoS Technology Integration Tool Chain for Heterogeneous Electronic Systems Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited
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