NuMI MINOS MINOS Neutrino Oscillation Results and the new NO ν A experiment Alec Habig, for the MINOS & NO ν A Collaborations Univ. of Birmingham, Oct. 20 2010 Argonne • Athens • Benedictine Brookhaven • Caltech Cambridge • Campinas • Fermilab Goias • Harvard • Holy Cross IIT • Indiana • Iowa State Minnesota - Twin Cities 30 institutions Minnesota - Duluth • Otterbein 121 physicists Oxford • Pittsburgh • Rutherford Sao Paulo • South Carolina Stanford • Sussex • Texas A&M Texas - Austin • Tufts • UCL Warsaw • William & Mary
NuMI ν flavor mixing MINOS ν e (m 3 ) 2 ν are leptons, interact only weakly • ν µ ν τ – interact as flavor eigenstates { ν e , ν µ , ν τ } ∆ m 2 – but propagate as mass eigenstates atm { ν 1 , ν 2 , ν 3 } (“normal” • Different m’s make mass states hierarchy) slide in and out of phase as they (m 2 ) 2 travel ∆ m 2 – So a ν created as one flavor might solar (m 1 ) 2 be detected as another later Useful Approximations: ν ν ν µ Disappearance (2 flavors): U U U e e 1 e 2 e 3 1 ν = ν P( ν µ → ν x ) = sin 2 2 θ 23 sin 2 (1.27 ∆ m 2 U U U 32 L/E) µ µ µ µ 1 2 3 2 ν ν U U U ν e Appearance: τ τ τ τ 1 2 3 3 P( ν µ → ν e ) ≈ sin 2 θ 23 sin 2 2 θ 13 sin 2 (1.27 ∆ m 2 31 L/E) ( ) ( ) ≡ θ − δ 2 2 θ ≡ − i 2 U sin e sin 2 4 U 1 U Where L, E are experimentally optimized and µ µ 23 3 3 e 3 13 θ 23 , θ 13 , ∆ m 2 32 are to be determined
NuMI MINOS Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search MINOS • Investigate atmospheric sector ν µ oscillations using intense, well-understood NuMI beam • Two similar magnetized iron- scintillator calorimeters – Near Detector • 980 tons, 1 km from target, 100 m deep – Far Detector • 5400 tons, 735 km away, 700 m deep 735 km
NuMI MINOS Physics Goals MINOS Precise (~10%) measurement of ∆ m 2 • 23 – The “Charged Current” (CC) analysis – Precisely measure ν µ ↔ ν τ flavor oscillation parameters, provide high statistics discrimination against alternatives such as decoherence, ν decay, etc Directly compare ν vs ν oscillations (a test of CPT and odd stuff) • – MINOS is first large underground detector with a magnetic field for µ + / µ - tagging Investigate the flavor-independent ν flux • – The “Neutral Current” (NC) analysis, checking for sterile ν Search for subdominant ν µ ↔ ν e oscillations • – The “ ν e ” analysis, a shot at measuring θ 13 Study ν interactions and cross sections using the very high • statistics Near Detector data set • Cosmic Ray Physics with both detectors This Talk
ν µ Disappearance NuMI Methodology MINOS • Measure ν µ flux at Near Det, see what’s left at Far Det • Simulated results plotted as F/N ratio – Position of dip gives ∆ m 2 Δ ( ) 2 m L → = − 2 θ ν ν 2 2 P 1 si n s i n – Depth of dip gives sin 2 2 θ μ μ E • Spectral ratio shapes would differ in alternative models Monte Carlo Monte Carlo Unoscillated Oscillated ν µ spectrum Spectrum ratio
NuMI Far Detector MINOS • 486 planes, 5400 tons total – Each is (1” steel + 1 cm plastic scintillator) thick – 8 m diameter with torodial ~1.5 T B-field – 31 m long total, in two 15 m sections – 192 scintillator strips across A module of 20 strips • Alternating planes orthogonal for stereo readout – Scint. CR veto shield on top/sides • Light extracted from scint. strips by wavelength shifting optical fiber – Both strip ends read out with Hamamatsu M16 PMTs 8 fibers on – 8x multiplexed a pixel 16 mm …on a plane M16 PMT
NuMI 3D Reconstruction MINOS • Take all the “U” view lit-up strips – Cross with all the “V” view lit-up strips – X marks the spot(s) See live events at http://www.soudan.umn.edu
NuMI 3D Reconstruction MINOS • This is a real ν µ interaction from the beam – µ − appears inside detector, – cruises along through many planes, – curving in the magnetic field, • Curvature tells us momentum… – stops. See live events at http://www.soudan.umn.edu • …so does range
NuMI Near Detector MINOS • 282 planes, 980 tons total – Same 1” steel,1 cm plastic scintillator planar construction, B-field – 3.8x4.5 m, some planes partially instrumented, some fully, some steel only – 16.6 m long total • Light extracted from scint. strips by wavelength shifting optical fiber – One strip ended read out with Hamamatsu M64 PMTs, fast QIE electronics – No multiplexing upstream, 4x multiplexed in spectrometer region 4.8 m 3.8 m ν
NuMI NuMI Beam MINOS • H 2 O cooled graphite target – 2 interaction lengths absorb ~ 90% of primary protons • Flexible configuration of 2 parabolic horns – H 2 O cooled, pulsed with a 2.6 ms half-sine wave pulse of 200 kA • Target, horns movable in beam direction – Allows tuning of focused pion energy • 675 m long decay pipe – radius of 1 m, evacuated to 1 Torr (filled with He for Run III) • 1 hadron monitor and 3 muon monitor stations
NuMI Beam Data Analyzed MINOS 1.07x10 21 POT total through summer 2010 Exposures Analyzed ( protons on target ): •This talk (7.2x10 20 ν + 1.75x10 20 ν ) •Previous analyses (>3x10 20 ) HE beam: Anti-nu beam: Far Det 0.15x10 20 POT 1.75x10 20 POT >98% live!
NuMI Near Detector Data MINOS • How do data look in the Near Detector, where we have ~unlimited statistics? ( 10 7 ν per 10 20 pot) • If we understand things there, we can then look at the Far Detector data where the oscillation physics is happening, so: – Examine ND closely ? – Compare ND data/MC – “Blind” analysis done ? ?
Lots of ν in the Near NuMI Detector MINOS A mean of 3 ν interactions per spill (in 8 or 10 • µ s), up to 10 Typical 250kW beam makes 10 4 ν /day in ND • Near Detector Electronics gates for 19 µ s • during the entire spill – Digitizes continuously every 19 ns, no dead time • Separate events using timing and topology Below: ~35 x 10 6 events for 1.27 x 10 20 POT • image the ND’s internal structure with ν ! A typical 6-event spill, colored by time
What sort of ν NuMI Interaction? Monte Carlo MINOS ν µ CC Event ν e CC Event NC Event ν ν ν µ µ ν e e Z W W γ π 0 γ N 3.5m N 1.8m N 2.3m X X (+X) Long µ track + Short, with typical Short event, often EM shower profile hadronic activity at diffuse vertex E ν = E shower + E µ E ν = E shower 22%/ √ E 40.4%/ √ E + 8.6% + 257MeV/E 5.1%/ √ E + 6.9% range (leptonic) (hadronic)
Reconstructed Beam NuMI Spectrum MINOS LE-10 pME pHE Discrepancies between data and Weights applied as Fluka08 Beam MC vary with beam a function of setting: so source is due to beam hadronic x F and p T . modeling uncertainties rather than cross-section uncertainties MIPP data on MINOS target will be used to MC tuned by fitting to hadronic x F refine this in the and p T over 9 beam configurations future, NA49 and (3 shown here, from older Harp results also used Fluka05-based work)
Do we understand NuMI things? MINOS • Data/MC agreement between low-level quantities tells us the modeling and reconstruction are OK • Data/MC agreement between high-level quantities (Energy, kinematics, PID) is: – within the expected systematic uncertainties from: • cross-section modeling • beam modeling • calibration uncertainties – improved after applying beam reweighting on the x F and p T of parent hadrons in the Monte Carlo
What is Expected in NuMI Soudan? MINOS • Measure Near Detector E ν spectrum • To first order the beam spectra at Soudan is the same as at Fermilab, but: – Small but systematic differences between Near and Far – Use Monte Carlo to correct for energy smearing and acceptance – Use our knowledge of pion decay kinematics and the geometry of our beamline to predict the FD energy spectrum from the measured ND spectrum π + to far Detector (stiff) target θ f π + θ n (soft) Decay Pipe ND 2 1 1 0 . 43 E ∝ = π Flux E 2 1 ν + γ θ + γ θ 2 2 2 2 L 1
On to the Far NuMI Detector… MINOS • “Blind” analysis – Only after understanding the Near Detector, reconstruction, selected non- oscillation Far Detector parameters, and early pHE ( ie , non-oscillating) beam data did we “open the box” – Data “re-blinded” when developing new analyses, analysis improvements, and adding new data Two of zillions of such plots…
NuMI Spectrum MINOS Expect 2451 without oscillations includes ~1 CR µ , 8.1 rock µ , 41 NC, ~3 ν τ BG See only 1986 in the FD.
NuMI Spectrum MINOS Split up sample into five bins by energy resolution, to let the best Expect 2451 without oscillations resolved events carry more includes ~1 CR µ , 8.1 rock µ , 41 NC, ~3 ν τ BG weight (plus a sixth bin of wrong-sign events) See only 1986 in the FD. Fit everything simultaneously…
Recommend
More recommend
