Exploring three-flavor neutrino oscillations with MINOS Joo A. B. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Exploring three-flavor neutrino oscillations with MINOS João A. B. Coelho for the MINOS Collaboration Tufts University 2 May 2014 Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 1.1/ 39

Outline ⋄ Neutrino oscillations ⋄ MINOS overview ⋄ New 3 ν results • Beam ν µ and ν µ disappearance • Atmospheric ν µ and ν µ disappearance • Beam ν e + ν e appearance • Combined results ⋄ Summary and Prospects Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 2.1/ 39

Neutrino Oscillations µ U µ 1 ν 1 W Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 3.1/ 39

Neutrino Oscillations µ e e im 1 τ 1 U ∗ U µ 1 e 1 W W Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 3.2/ 39

Neutrino Oscillations µ e A 1 µe = U µ 1 e im 1 τ j U ∗ e 1 W W Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 3.3/ 39

Neutrino Oscillations µ e j U µj e im j τ j U ∗ A µe = � ej W W Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 3.4/ 39

Neutrino Oscillations µ e j U µj e im j τ j U ∗ A µe = � ej W W ∆ m 2 jkL P µe = |A µe | 2 = � j,k U ∗ ej U µj U ∗ µk U ek e − i 2 E Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 3.5/ 39

Neutrino Oscillations µ e j U µj e im j τ j U ∗ A µe = � ej W W ∆ m 2 jkL P µe = |A µe | 2 = � j,k U ∗ ej U µj U ∗ µk U ek e − i 2 E Oscillation Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 3.6/ 39

Neutrino Oscillations s 13 e − iδ CP  1 0 0   c 13 0   c 12 s 12 0  U = 0 c 23 s 23 0 1 0 − s 12 c 12 0       − s 13 e iδ CP 0 − s 23 c 23 0 c 23 0 0 1 µ e j U µj e im j τ j U ∗ A µe = � ej W W ∆ m 2 jkL P µe = |A µe | 2 = � j,k U ∗ ej U µj U ∗ µk U ek e − i 2 E Oscillation U ( θ 12 , θ 13 , θ 23 , δ CP ) In general: n ( n − 1) / 2 angles and ( n − 1)( n − 2) / 2 phases Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 3.7/ 39

Matter Effects µ e ν W W Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 4.1/ 39

Matter Effects e µ e ν W ν W W e Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 4.2/ 39

Matter Effects  0 0 0    1 0 0 √ ∆ m 2  U † ± H eff = U 0 0 2 G F n e 0 0 0  21    2 E  ∆ m 2 0 0 0 0 0 31 2 E e µ e ν W ν W W e Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 4.3/ 39

Matter Effects  0 0 0    1 0 0 √ ∆ m 2  U † ± H eff = U 0 0 2 G F n e 0 0 0  21    2 E  ∆ m 2 0 0 0 0 0 31 2 E e µ e ν W ν W W e √ 2 G F n e � ∆ m 2 • Relevant when ∼ 1 /L 2 E √ • In Earth, 2 G F n e ∼ 1 / (1500 ± 500 km ) ∆ m 2 • Comparable to 31 for E ∼ 10 GeV 2 E Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 4.4/ 39

Two-flavor approximation Reactor ν e L/E ( 10 3 km/GeV) ⊙ ∼ 7 . 5 × 10 − 5 eV 2 ∆ m 2 Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 5.1/ 39

Two-flavor approximation Atmospheric ν µ Reactor ν e Super-K L/E ( 10 3 km/GeV) ⊙ ∼ 7 . 5 × 10 − 5 eV 2 ⊕ ∼ 2 . 5 × 10 − 3 eV 2 ∆ m 2 ∆ m 2 Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 5.2/ 39

Two-flavor approximation Atmospheric ν µ Reactor ν e Super-K L/E ( 10 3 km/GeV) ⊙ ∼ 7 . 5 × 10 − 5 eV 2 ⊕ ∼ 2 . 5 × 10 − 3 eV 2 ∆ m 2 ∆ m 2 L/E ≪ 10 4 km/GeV P αα = 1 − sin 2 (2 θ ⊕ αα ) sin 2 (1 . 27∆ m 2 αα L/E ) + O (∆ m 2 ⊙ L/E ) 2 Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 5.3/ 39

Two-flavor approximation Atmospheric ν µ Reactor ν e Super-K L/E ( 10 3 km/GeV) ⊙ ∼ 7 . 5 × 10 − 5 eV 2 ⊕ ∼ 2 . 5 × 10 − 3 eV 2 ∆ m 2 ∆ m 2 L/E � 10 4 km/GeV P αα ≈ 1 − [ 1 2 sin 2 (2 θ ⊕ αα ) + sin 2 (2 θ ⊙ αα ) sin 2 (1 . 27∆ m 2 ⊙ L/E )] Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 5.4/ 39

Beyond two flavors ⋄ L/E ≪ 10 4 km/GeV: µµ ) sin 2 ∆ µµ + O (∆ ⊙ ) 2 P µµ = 1 − sin 2 (2 θ ⊕ µe ) sin 2 ∆ µe + ˜ J sin δ sin ∆ ⊙ sin 2 ∆ µe + O (∆ ⊙ ) 2 P µe = sin 2 (2 θ ⊕ ⋄ Two degeneracies: • Mass hierarchy • Octant of θ ⊕ αβ ⋄ Three solutions: • Three-flavor terms ( O (∆ ⊙ ) ) √ • Matter effects ( 2 G F n e L ∼ | ∆ ⊕ | ∼ 1 ) • Multiple channels ( θ ⊕ µµ � = θ ⊕ µe � = θ ⊕ ee ) Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 6.1/ 39

What we know Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 7.1/ 39

What we know MINOS 2 ν : − 0 . 10 × 10 − 3 eV 2 | ∆ m 2 µµ | = 2 . 41 +0 . 09 ∼ 2 . 4 × 10 − 3 eV 2 Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 7.2/ 39

What we know (38 − 57) % MINOS 2 ν : − 0 . 10 × 10 − 3 eV 2 | ∆ m 2 µµ | = 2 . 41 +0 . 09 ∼ 2 . 4 × 10 − 3 eV 2 T2K: sin 2 ( θ 23 ) = 0 . 514 +0 . 055 − 0 . 056 (NH) 0 . 511 ± 0 . 055 (IH) Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 7.3/ 39

What we know (38 − 57) % MINOS 2 ν : − 0 . 10 × 10 − 3 eV 2 | ∆ m 2 µµ | = 2 . 41 +0 . 09 ∼ 2 . 4 × 10 − 3 eV 2 T2K: sin 2 ( θ 23 ) = 0 . 514 +0 . 055 − 0 . 056 (NH) 0 . 511 ± 0 . 055 (IH) 7 . 53 × 10 − 5 eV 2 ∼ 30% Solar+KamLAND: 21 = (7 . 53 ± 0 . 18) × 10 − 5 eV 2 ∆ m 2 sin 2 ( θ 12 ) = 0 . 304 +0 . 014 − 0 . 012 θ 12 < π/ 4 Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 7.4/ 39

What we know (38 − 57) % MINOS 2 ν : − 0 . 10 × 10 − 3 eV 2 | ∆ m 2 µµ | = 2 . 41 +0 . 09 ∼ 2 . 4 × 10 − 3 eV 2 ∼ 2.4% T2K: sin 2 ( θ 23 ) = 0 . 514 +0 . 055 − 0 . 056 (NH) 0 . 511 ± 0 . 055 (IH) 7 . 53 × 10 − 5 eV 2 ∼ 30% Solar+KamLAND: 21 = (7 . 53 ± 0 . 18) × 10 − 5 eV 2 ∆ m 2 sin 2 ( θ 12 ) = 0 . 304 +0 . 014 − 0 . 012 Daya Bay+RENO+DC: sin 2 ( θ 13 ) = 0 . 0242 ± 0 . 0025 θ 12 < π/ 4 Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 7.5/ 39

What we don’t know Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 8.1/ 39

What we don’t know Is θ 23 maximal? What is the octant of θ 23 ? (38 − 57) % Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 8.2/ 39

What we don’t know Is θ 23 maximal? What is the octant of θ 23 ? Do neutrinos violate CP? What is the value of δ CP ? Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 8.3/ 39

What we don’t know Is θ 23 maximal? What is the octant of θ 23 ? Do neutrinos violate CP? ? What is the value of δ CP ? What is the neutrino mass hierarchy? Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 8.4/ 39

What we don’t know Is θ 23 maximal? What is the octant of θ 23 ? Do neutrinos violate CP? ? What is the value of δ CP ? What is the neutrino mass hierarchy? Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 8.5/ 39

The MINOS experiment Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 9.1/ 39

MINOS overview Far Detector 5.4 kton Near Detector 1 kton 735 km Soudan 10 km Fermilab 735 km 12 km Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 10.1/ 39

MINOS overview MINOS Far Detector 5.4 kton Ν Μ Cosmic Ray Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 10.2/ 39

The NuMI beam Target ν µ : 91.7% Near Detector ν µ : 58.1% ν µ : 7.0% ν µ : 39.9% ν e + ν e : 1.3% ν e + ν e : 2.0% D e c a y P i p e Main Injector Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 11.1/ 39

Exposure ⋄ 15 . 6 × 10 20 protons on target in 7 years of running ⋄ 37 . 88 kt-year of atmospheric neutrinos since 2003 Low energy neutrinos Low energy anti-neutrinos High energy neutrinos MINOS+ Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 12.1/ 39

The MINOS detectors Steel plane ν Scintillator plane Magnetic field for charge identification Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 13.1/ 39

MINOS event topology ν µ -CC event ν e -CC event NC event ν µ µ ν e e ν ν W W Z Hadron Hadron Hadron Shower Shower Shower Fe Fe Fe Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 14.1/ 39

MINOS event topology ν µ -CC event ν e -CC event NC event k c a r t n o u M ν µ µ ν e e ν ν W W Z Hadron Hadron Hadron Shower Shower Shower Fe Fe Fe Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 14.2/ 39

MINOS event topology ν µ -CC event ν e -CC event NC event k r c e a w r o t h s n o M u E M ν µ µ ν e e ν ν W W Z Hadron Hadron Hadron Shower Shower Shower Fe Fe Fe Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 14.3/ 39

MINOS event topology ν µ -CC event ν e -CC event NC event r k e r c w e o a w h r o s t h s n n o o M r u d E M a H ν µ µ ν e e ν ν W W Z Hadron Hadron Hadron Shower Shower Shower Fe Fe Fe Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 14.4/ 39

Three-flavor results Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 15.1/ 39

Survival probability � m 2 � 1st Minimum � 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 � 1 10 � 2 10 � 3 10 � 4 1.2 Atmospherics Ν Μ �Ν Μ Probability 1.0 0.8 2 � Flavor 0.6 3 � Flavor 0.4 ND FD 90% 0.2 99% 0.0 10 4 0.01 1 100 L � E � km � GeV � P ν µ → ν µ ≈ 1 − sin 2 (2 θ ⊕ µµ ) sin 2 (1 . 27∆ m 2 L L E ) + O (∆ m 2 E ) 2 µµ ⊙ Coelho, J. A. B. (Tufts) MINOS BNL Colloquium 16.1/ 39