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THE KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE OF OCTOBER 8, 2005 A QUICKLOOK REPORT Ahmad Jan Durrani Amr Salah Elnashai Youssef M.A. Hashash Sung Jig Kim Arif Masud Mid-America Earthquake Center University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Mid-America Earthquake Center Mid-America Earthquake Center

TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................................................3 LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................................................................3 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................................6 2. OVERVIEW OF THE EARTHQUAKE AND LOSSES................................................................................8 3. SEISMOLOGICAL FEATURES ...................................................................................................................12 3.1 T ECTONIC S ETTING ...................................................................................................................................12 3.2 M ACRO -S EISMIC D ATA AND F AULT M ECHANISM .....................................................................................13 3.3 S TRONG G ROUND M OTION ........................................................................................................................15 3.4 I MPLICATIONS ON F UTURE E ARTHQUAKE H AZARD AND NEEDS ................................................................21 4. BUILT ENVIRONMENT LOSSES................................................................................................................21 4.1 R ESIDENTIAL B UILDINGS ..........................................................................................................................22 4.2 H OSPITALS AND S CHOOL B UILDINGS ........................................................................................................25 4.3 R OADS AND B RIDGE S TRUCTURES ............................................................................................................27 5. GEOTECHNICAL EFFECTS........................................................................................................................30 5.1 G ROUND R UPTURE ....................................................................................................................................30 5.2 L ANDSLIDES AND SLOPE INSTABILITY .......................................................................................................30 5.3 F OUNDATIONS ...........................................................................................................................................32 5.4 R ETAINING WALLS AND BRIDGE ABUTMENTS ............................................................................................33 5.5 R OADS .......................................................................................................................................................34 5.6 T UNNELS ...................................................................................................................................................35 5.7 D AMS ........................................................................................................................................................36 6. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES .........................................................................................38 6.1 I MPACT ON E DUCATION ............................................................................................................................38 6.2 I MPACT ON H EALTHCARE ..........................................................................................................................39 6.3 S OCIAL I MPACT OF THE E ARTHQUAKE ......................................................................................................40 6.4 E CONOMIC I MPACT OF THE E ARTHQUAKE .................................................................................................40 7. CLOSURE ........................................................................................................................................................42 8. ACKNOWLEGEMENTS................................................................................................................................44 REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................................................................45 APPENDICES............................................................................................................................................................47 A.1 F IELD M ISSION MEMBERS AND SPECIALIZATION .......................................................................................47 A.2 P AKISTANI HOST ORGANIZATIONS .............................................................................................................47 A.3 I TINERARY AND R OUTE .............................................................................................................................48 2 Mid-America Earthquake Center Mid-America Earthquake Center