Microgrids An Emerging Paradigm for Meeting Building Electricity - PDF document

Microgrids An Emerging Paradigm for Meeting Building Electricity and Heat Requirements Efficiently and with Appropriate Energy Quality with Appropriate Energy Quality by Chris Marnay & Ryan Firestone C_Marnay@lbl.gov - +1.510.486.7028 - http://der.lbl.gov paper presented at the European Council for an Energy Efficent Economy European Council for an Energy Efficent Economy 2007 Summer Study La Colle sur Loup, France - 6 June 2007 1 Environmental Energy Technologies Division Outline � a microgrid definition � competing power system visions � summary of microgrid demonstrations In Japan � f i id d t ti I J � Sendai Project • heterogeneous power quality � Hachinohe Project • central control, private feeder, 100 % renewable � Kyoto Project at Kyotango • virtual microgrid, biogas • virtual microgrid biogas � Aichi Project at Nagoya Airport • multiple fuel cells, biogas, NAS battery Environmental Energy Technologies Division 2 1

What is a Microgrid? A controlled grouping of energy (including electricity) sources and sinks that is connected to the macrogrid but can function to the macrogrid but can function independently of it. main benefits to developers of microgrids: � pushing efficiency limits by heat recovery (CHP) � creating a more favorable environment for efficiency and small-scale renewables � providing heterogeneous power quality and reliability (PQR) other societal benefits include: other societal benefits include: � avoiding macrogrid investments � hardening of supply � curbing generator market power, etc. Environmental Energy Technologies Division 3 competing power system visions Environmental Energy Technologies Division 4 2

Supergrid Vision PQR = power quality, & reliability PQR power quality, & reliability Environmental Energy Technologies Division 5 Supergrid Vision Limits � centralised power system heat loss � multiple infrastructure interdependencies � perfection impossible or at least very expensive f ti i ibl t l t i � restrictions on power system expansion (siting, environmental, rights-of-way, etc.) � volatile bulk power markets � economics drives operation closer to limits � need to accommodate intermittent resources � insecure system Environmental Energy Technologies Division 6 3

Dispersed Vision (distributed control & heterogeneous service ) Environmental Energy Technologies Division 7 summary of projects in Japan Environmental Energy Technologies Division 8 4

Microgrid Project Sites NEDO Microgrids Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture Kyotango, Kyoto Prefecture y g , y Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture Private Sector Microgrids Tokyo, Shimizu Corporation Yokohama, Tokyo Gas Hachinohe Other Related Projects The University of Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Pref. Sendai DoCoMo Building, Sendai Kyotango Tokyo Yokohama Kitakyushu Nagoya Environmental Energy Technologies Division 9 Sendai Project Environmental Energy Technologies Division 10 5

Sakura at Sendai Microgrid Environmental Energy Technologies Division 11 Sendai Project Power Plant Environmental Energy Technologies Division 12 6

Sendai Project Pictures Environmental Energy Technologies Division 13 Sendai Project Schematic 430 VDC bus Environmental Energy Technologies Division 14 7

Sendai Project Pictures Environmental Energy Technologies Division 15 Hachinohe Project Environmental Energy Technologies Division 16 8

Hachinohe Project Schematic 50kW PV boiler wood 3x170 kW recip. waste gensets lead acid battery bank (100kW) bank (100kW) Sewage Plant digestor storage tank private feeder (5.4km) PV 10kW 8kW wind turbine wind turbine 8kW PV 10kW elementary junior high elementary junior high school (53kW) school (46kW) school (46kW) school (60kW) Hachinohe water PV 10kW utility (50kw) 2x2kW wind turbines PCC Hachinohe City Hall (360kW) New City building Environmental Energy Technologies Division 17 Hachinohe Project Pictures Environmental Energy Technologies Division 18 9

Kyoto Project at Kyotango Environmental Energy Technologies Division 19 Kyoto Project Schematic utility network 50kW substation wind substation turbine biogas plant 5x80 kW biogas gens. 250 kW MCFC 100 kW battery demand 55kW 450 kW demand demand 7.5kW demand 9.4kW 30kW PV demand 100kW Internet based Internet based control system demand 592kW demand 178kW 20kW PV demand 100kw Environmental Energy Technologies Division 20 10

Kyotango Project Pictures Environmental Energy Technologies Division 21 Aichi Project at Nagoya Airport Environmental Energy Technologies Division 22 11

Aichi Project Schematic city offices utility electricity electricity water treatment PV transformer electricity NAS battery methane SOFC (40 kW) fermentation MCFC 4x200kW PAFC (270kW & HT gasification 300kW) NG Environmental Energy Technologies Division 23 Aichi Project Pictures Environmental Energy Technologies Division 24 12

The End Environmental Energy Technologies Division 25 Power Quality Services Environmental Energy Technologies Division 26 13