Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model as Molecular Slide Rule with Evolutionary Potential Thomas Hinze 1 , 2 Korcan Kirkici 3 Patricia Sauer 1 Peter Sauer 1 Jörn Behre 4 1 Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg 2 Friedrich Schiller University Jena 3 Dresden University of Technology 4 Norwich Institute of Food Research, Theoretical Systems Biology thomas.hinze@b-tu.de Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Archaea: Evolutionary Success for 2 . 5 Billion Years www.berkeley.edu www.studyblue.com www.boundless.com www.noaa.gov How could these organisms persist so long populating most regions worldwide? Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Archaea – Domain of Early Organisms in Phylogenetic Tree of Life • Archaea: unicellular microorganisms, microbes, prokaryotes www.ck12.org Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Archaea – Domain of Early Organisms in Phylogenetic Tree of Life • Archaea: unicellular microorganisms, microbes, prokaryotes • Cell length: 0 . 2 . . . 3 µ m , asexual reproduction by binary fission, budding, or fragmentation www.ck12.org Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Archaea – Domain of Early Organisms in Phylogenetic Tree of Life • Archaea: unicellular microorganisms, microbes, prokaryotes • Cell length: 0 . 2 . . . 3 µ m , asexual reproduction by binary fission, budding, or fragmentation • Today widespread: for instance in human body and in oceanic picoplankton (up to ≈ 40 % of microbial biomass) www.ck12.org Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Major Part of Picoplankton and Origin of Food Chain www.wikipedia.org lower medium higher highest archaea concentration Archaea found in large oceanic surface regions from the equator towards the poles following sea currents Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Archaea: Fascinating Extremophilic Organisms • Archaea seen as anchestor of subsequent biological domains like bacteria and eukaryotes • Combine a minimalistic molecular equipment with astonishing flexibility in coping with environmental conditions Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Archaea: Fascinating Extremophilic Organisms • Archaea seen as anchestor of subsequent biological domains like bacteria and eukaryotes • Combine a minimalistic molecular equipment with astonishing flexibility in coping with environmental conditions • Exhibit an outstanding robustness against abrupt and drastic environmental changes in aqueous surroundings Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Archaea: Fascinating Extremophilic Organisms • Archaea seen as anchestor of subsequent biological domains like bacteria and eukaryotes • Combine a minimalistic molecular equipment with astonishing flexibility in coping with environmental conditions • Exhibit an outstanding robustness against abrupt and drastic environmental changes www.study.com Hydro- in aqueous surroundings thermal vent of black smoker • Thermophilic exemplars grow at 130 ◦ C carleton.edu Fumaroles and geysers in Iceland Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Archaea: Fascinating Extremophilic Organisms • Archaea seen as anchestor of subsequent biological domains like bacteria and eukaryotes • Combine a minimalistic molecular equipment with astonishing flexibility in coping with environmental conditions • Exhibit an outstanding robustness against abrupt and drastic environmental changes www.study.com Hydro- in aqueous surroundings thermal vent of black smoker • Thermophilic exemplars grow at 130 ◦ C • Alkaliphilic forms resist pH up to ≈ 10 carleton.edu Fumaroles and geysers in Iceland Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Archaea: Fascinating Extremophilic Organisms • Archaea seen as anchestor of subsequent biological domains like bacteria and eukaryotes • Combine a minimalistic molecular equipment with astonishing flexibility in coping with environmental conditions • Exhibit an outstanding robustness against abrupt and drastic environmental changes www.study.com Hydro- in aqueous surroundings thermal vent of black smoker • Thermophilic exemplars grow at 130 ◦ C • Alkaliphilic forms resist pH up to ≈ 10 • Acidophilic ones prefer pH up to ≈ 0 carleton.edu Fumaroles and geysers in Iceland Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Archaea: Fascinating Extremophilic Organisms • Archaea seen as anchestor of subsequent biological domains like bacteria and eukaryotes • Combine a minimalistic molecular equipment with astonishing flexibility in coping with environmental conditions • Exhibit an outstanding robustness against abrupt and drastic environmental changes www.study.com Hydro- in aqueous surroundings thermal vent of black smoker • Thermophilic exemplars grow at 130 ◦ C • Alkaliphilic forms resist pH up to ≈ 10 • Acidophilic ones prefer pH up to ≈ 0 • Halophilic archaea prefer salt lakes, carleton.edu hot springs and other extreme habitats Fumaroles and geysers in Iceland Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Hypothetical Archaea Survival Strategy • Nearly no atmospheric protection against high-energy radiation on earth at primeval era • High-energy radiation comes with sunlight and can cause water temperature difference: approx. 3 C life-threatening daytime nighttime damages of DNA • Avoid water near surface during penetration of sunlight • Move towards surface at night for nutrition • Moderate movement by chemotaxis • No light receptors found in archaea but thermoreceptors instead = ⇒ Temperature receptors can indicate daytime and nighttime Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock It is believed that archaea are the first organisms equipped with temperature sensors . Hence, they might have initiated mechanisms of biological information processing by purposive evaluation of environmental signals. P . Sengupta, P . Garrity. Sensing temperature. Current Biology 23(8) :R304, 2012 Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Temperature Reception Based on Ion Channel cations outside cell cations outside cell + + + + + + + + + + voltage difference nearly compensated + voltage difference + + + − + − ion channel throughout outer + + cell membrane + molecular gate molecular gate (closed) cation concentration (temporary open) + + local intracellular spike time Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels highly conserved Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
Motivation Thermosensor dP Module Thermoreceptor Circadian Clock Ion Channel Acting as Thermosensor lower temperature higher temperature cation concentration cation concentration time time • With increasing temperature, diminished electrical forces to open molecular gate within TRP channel • Increasing temperature results in higher frequency of spiking oscillation (warm sensor) • Frequency encoding of temperature within physiological range but non-linear mapping between temperature and oscillation frequency Membrane Computing Meets Temperature: A Thermoreceptor Model T. Hinze, K. Kirkici, P . Sauer, P . Sauer, J. Behre
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