S TAKEHOLDER E NGAGEMENT AND G RIEVANCE M ECHANISMS FOR P ROJECT -A FFECTED C OMMUNITIES S HAZA Z EINELABDIN S OCIAL DEVELOPMENT SPECIALIST , IFC J ULY 29, 2015
D EFINING S TAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT What does good stakeholder engagement mean to you? “Stakeholder engagement is the basis for building strong, constructive, and responsive relationships that are essential for the successful management of a project’s environmental and social impacts” 2
L EVEL O F R ISK D RIVES L EVEL OF E FFORT Public OTHER INTERESTED Consultation STAKEHOLDERS Disclosure Active ADVERSELY IMPACTED Engagement PERSONS Information SIGNIFICANTLY Negotiation Sharing IMPACTED PERSONS Informed Participation
W HERE AND HOW TO BEGIN Local government / Mayors General Buyers / Public Customers National Government Traditional Agencies Authorities Affected Civil Societies Communities Investors Settlers/ Encroachers Illegal settlers Media Community Enterprises / CBOs Employees Service from Providers communities 4
S TAKEHOLDER MAPPING Identify/locate all o potential stakeholders Understand their o “stake” How project can affect o them / how they can affect the project Who influences whom? o Prioritize engagement o efforts 5
S OME C OMMONLY U SED T OOLS FOR S TAKEHOLDER M APPING Impact Zone Mapping Venn Diagram
S OME C OMMONLY U SED T OOLS FOR S TAKEHOLDER M APPING How to keep happy people happy and turn unhappy ones into project supporters? o Influence (high, medium, low) o Impact (high, medium, low) o Support (positive, neutral, negative)
S TAKEHOLDER T YPES o Primary Stakeholders – directly affected o Secondary Stakeholders – indirectly affected o Influencing Stakeholders o Sub-groups – within each of the above categories 8
Sample Stakeholder Mapping Table STAKEHOLDER GROUPS Degree of Degree Position vs. How will We Influence on Impacted by Project Engage this Project Outcomes Project -Supportive Group? (H/M/L) (H/M/L) -Neutral - Issues -Opposed -Methods Government Agencies Affected Communities Sub-groups: Fishing Villages; Indigenous groups; Women; Elders; Youth; Religious Minorities, etc. Neighboring Communities Trucking Contractors Business owners Illegal Settlers NGOs Tribal Chiefs Politicians or Religious Leaders This information should be used to prioritize the stakeholders and level of effort, as well as tailor consultation and information dissemination to the needs and interests of different groups. 9
W HAT IS “M EANINGFUL ” C ONSULTATION ? o Informed o Interactive (Two-way engagement) o Inclusive o Iterative o Influences the decision- making process o Incorporates access to a Grievance Mechanism
I NFORMED o Sufficient time – information in advance o Substantive – full description of project o Understandable – in non-technical terms, Local language, Format they can understand o Accessible – convenient access to information 11
I NCLUSIVE o Recognize and accommodate unequal power relationships o Views of both men & women o Consider sub-groups (minorities, youth, elders) o Vulnerable groups who may be unwilling or unable to express themselves in a large public meeting o “Verify” community representation 12
Iterative (ongoing) Engagement A “one - off” public meeting (often the only regulatory requirement for environmental licensing) is usually insufficient for achieving meaningful engagement.
I NFLUENCES D ECISION - MAKING o Project design & implementation o Impact mitigation o Project benefits Demonstrated incorporation of stakeholder views in the decision-making process 14
G RIEVANCE M ECHANISMS – P ROCESS S TEPS o Multiple access points o Awareness-raising about the GM o Systematic tracking (logs & databases) o Seeking feedback (users and non-users) o Engaging communities in design of GM
D IFFERENT C ATEGORIES OF G RIEVANCES R EQUIRE D IFFERENT RESPONSES Different Mechanisms o Internal Mechanisms o Tri-partite Model o Independent Mediator In Low Trust Contexts o Third Party Verification Model o ( NGO as “witness” ) o Joint fact finding o Participatory Monitoring 16
G UIDANCE ON S TAKEHOLDER E NGAGEMENT AND G RIEVANCE M ECHANISMS CAO: A Guide to IFC: Stakeholder IFC: Good Practice Designing and Engagement: A Note: Addressing Implementing Good Practice Grievances from Grievance Handbook for Project Affected Mechanisms for Companies Doing Communities Development Business in Projects Emerging Markets
T HANK Y OU ! 18
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