Measurement ساــيقلا 4 - 1 Introduction ةمدقم Measurement is finding a number that shows the size or amount • of something. • Measurement is done using measuring tools. • There are two main systems of measurement: - The English system يزيلكنلئا ماظنلا - The Metric system ماظنلايرتملا 2 GFP - Sohar University SET 1 - Chapter 4
4 - 2 The English System يزيلكنلئا ماظنلا • The English system of measurement is still in use in the United States for many non-scientific purposes. • The many units of measure and conversion factors in the English system can be very difficult to remember and use. • In this system, length is usually measured in inches (abbreviated in), feet (abbreviated ft), yard (abbreviated yd) and miles (abbreviated mi). • Weight is typically measured in ounces (abbreviated oz), pounds (abbreviated lb) and tons (abbreviated T). • Capacity is typically measured in fluid ounces (abbreviated fl oz), quarts (abbreviated qt), pints (abbreviated pt) and gallons (abbreviated gal). SET 1 - Chapter 4 3 GFP - Sohar University • Below is some of the English system conversions factors: Conversion Factors for Capacity (Liquid) : Conversion Factors for Length: 1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts (qt) 1 mile (mi) = 1760 yards (yd) 1 gallon (gal) = 8 pints (pt) 1 mile (mi) = 5280 feet (ft) 1 gallon (gal) = 128 fluid ounces (fl oz) 1 yard (yd) = 3 feet (ft) 1 quart (qt) = 2 pints (pt) 1 yard (yd) = 36 inches (in) 1 pint (pt) = 16 fluid ounces (fl oz) 1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in) Conversion Factors for Weight: 1 ton (T) = 2000 pounds (lb) 1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces (oz) 4 GFP - Sohar University SET 1 - Chapter 4
Example 1: Change: (a) 5 yards to feet (b) 648 inches to feet (c) 79,200 feet to miles (d) 8 feet 7 inches to inches (e) 35 feet to yards and write the remainder in feet Solution: SET 1 - Chapter 4 5 GFP - Sohar University 6 GFP - Sohar University SET 1 - Chapter 4
Example 2: Change: (a) 9 pounds to ounces (b) 11,000 pounds to tons (c) 2 tons to ounces (d) 14 pounds 3 ounces to ounces (e) 70 ounces to pounds and write the remainder in ounces Solution: SET 1 - Chapter 4 7 GFP - Sohar University Example 3: Change: (a) 5 gallons to quarts (b) 7 pints to quarts (c) 3 pints 10 fluid ounces to pints (d) 72 pints to gallons Solution: 1 gallon = 8 pints 1 pint = 16 fluid ounces 1 pt = 16 fl oz 8 GFP - Sohar University SET 1 - Chapter 4
4 - 3 The Metric System يرتملا ماظنلا • Most of the world outside the United States, and scientists everywhere, primarily use the metric system. • The metric system is sometimes abbreviated as the SI system. • The metric system has a few basic units, and measures larger and smaller quantities using multiples of ten. • The standard metric units include meters (abbreviated m) for length, grams (abbreviated g) for mass, and liters (abbreviated l) for volume. SET 1 - Chapter 4 9 GFP - Sohar University • For larger and smaller amounts, the metric system uses the prefixes shown in following table: Prefix In number In words Symbol tera- 1 000 000 000 000 trillion نوـيلـيرت T giga- 1 000 000 000 billion راـيلم G mega- 1 000 000 million نوـيلم M kilo- 1 000 thousand فـلأ k hecto- 100 hundred ةـئم h deca- 10 ten ةرـشع da deci- 0.1 tenth رـشُع d centi- 0.01 hundredth ةـئملاب دـحاو c milli- 0.001 thousandth فـللؤاب دـحاو m micro- 0.000 001 millionth نوـيلملاب دـحاو µ 10 GFP - Sohar University SET 1 - Chapter 4
Example 4: Change: (a) 1 kilometer to centimeters (b) 5 kilograms to grams (c) 5 meter to centimeters (d) 1 liter to deciliters (e) 1 centimeter to millimeters (f) 1 kiloliter to millimeters Solution: SET 1 - Chapter 4 11 GFP - Sohar University 12 GFP - Sohar University SET 1 - Chapter 4
4 - 4 Changing between English and Metric Units يرتملا و يزيلكنلئا نيماظنلا نيب ليوحتلا • The following table gives several conversion factors for changing between English and Metric Units: English to Metric Metric to English 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters 1 centimeter = 0.39 inches Length 1 foot = 30.48 centimeters 1 meter = 39.37 inches 1 mile = 1.61 kilometers 1 kilometer = 0.62 miles Weight 1 ounce = 28.35 grams 1 gram = 0.035 ounces And 1 pound = 0.45 kilograms 1 kilogram = 2.20 pounds Mass 1 fluid ounce = 29.57 milliliters 1 milliliter = 0.034 fluid ounces Capacity 1 gallon = 3.78 liters 1 liter = 0.26 gallons SET 1 - Chapter 4 13 GFP - Sohar University Example 5: Change: (a) 2 feet to centimeter (b) 2 litters to fluid ounces (c) 6 feet to meters (d) 12 fluid ounces to milliliters (e) 65 mile to kilometers Solution: 14 GFP - Sohar University SET 1 - Chapter 4
Example 6: If a machine is labeled as 3000 kilograms, should it be moved by a forklift rated for a maximum of 5000 pounds? Solution: SET 1 - Chapter 4 15 GFP - Sohar University Example 7: The price of one liter of a chemical is $ 25. What is the price of 5 gallons of this chemical? Solution: 16 GFP - Sohar University SET 1 - Chapter 4
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