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M O L 2 N E T , 2017 , 3, d o i : 10 . 3390 / m o l 2n e t - 03 - 04614 1 MOL2NET, International Conference Series on MDPI Multidisciplinary Sciences http://sciforum.net/conference/mol2net-03 The water relations of Inga multinervis for efficie n t water use in forest sys t e m s a 1 , Y u d e l G a r c í a Q u i n t a n a a , R e i n i e r Abreu N a r a n jo a , Y a s i e l A r t ea g a C r e s p o a , D un i a Ch á vez Esponda a , Mar í a de D e c k e r a Y a m il a Lazo P é rez a U n i v e r s i d a d E s t a t a l A m a z ó n i c a . Campus C e n t r a l . Paso L a t e r a l K m . 2 1 / 2 V í a a N a p o , T r o n c a l A m a z ó n i c a E45, P u y o . Graphical A b s t r a c t A b s t r a c t Inga m ultine r v is , a li tt l e- k n o w n s p e c i e s , i s b e i n g used in a g r o f o r e s t r y systems f o r n i t r o g e n f i x a t i o n and soil i m p r o v e m e n t . The a i m of t h i s research was t o c h a r a c t e r i z e the water r e l a t i o n s of t h e s p e c i e s I. m ultine r v is f r o m p r e ss ur e – v o l u m e measurements. The r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e d that the s p e c i e s has the c a p a c i t y for o s m o t i c and e l a s t i c adjustment, g i v e n to the low s o l u t e p o t e n t i a l s and e l a s t i c i t y of the cell w a ll s , t hu s i t s use i s recommended in degraded forest s y s t e m s w i t h low water l e v e l s in the s o il . * C o rr e s p o n d i n g a u t h o r . E - m a il a dd r e ss : y a r t ea g a @ u ea . e d u . e c

M O L 2 N E T , 2017 , 3, d o i : 10 . 3390 / m o l 2n e t - 03 - 04614 2 m a t e r i a l i n c l u d e d the tree s p e c i e I. Introduction multinervis. Inga multinervis is a s p e c i e s of l e g u m e P – V curve a n a l y sis in the Fabaceae f a m il y , w h i c h g r o w s o n l y in Ecuador. Its n a t ur a l h a b i t a t s a r e M ea s ur e m e n t s for P – V a n a l y s e s w e r e s u b t r o p i c a l or t r o p i c a l m o i s t l o w l a n d performed u s i n g a pressure c h a m b e r forests and s u b t r o p i c a l or t r o p i c a l m o i s t (Model 1000, PMS i n s t ru m e n t s montane forests ( N e ill and P i t m a n , C o r v a lli s , OR) following the m e t h o d 2004). This li tt l e- k n o w n s p e c i e s i s b e i n g d e s c r i b e d in p r e v i o u s s t u d i e s (Tyree a n d used in agroforestry systems f o r H a mm e l 1972 ; K u b i s k e and A b r a m s n i t r o g e n f i x a t i o n and soil i m p r o v e m e n t . 1990 ) . C o n s e q u e n t l y , from the p h y s i o l o g i c a l p o i n t of v i e w i t ’ s i m p o r t a n t to i n c r ea s e Statistical a n a l y sis the k n o w l e dg e of t h i s s p e c i e s f o r f u t ur e forest management, w h i c h will a ll o w i t s S t a t i s t i c a l a n a l y s e s were p e r f o r m e d use in m i t i g a t i n g e n v i r o n m e n t a l u s i n g a n a l y s i s of v a r i a n c e . i m p a c t s . Results and d isc u ssio n P r e ss ur e – v o l u m e (P – V) curves a r e P – V p a r a m ete r s f r e q u e n t l y used to a n a l y z e w a t e r r e l a t i o n p r o p e r t i e s of woody p l a n t s i n response F i g ur e 1 shows t y p i c a l Höfler d i a g r a m s to t r a n s p i r a t i o n - i n d u c e d t i ss u e water o b t a i n e d from P – V curves for I. l o ss . G e n e r a ll y , P – V - d e r i v e d parameters m ultine r v is . These d i a g r a m s r e p r e s e n t re fl ect the e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s of d y n a m i c changes of water p o t e n t i a l g r o w t h . ( w ) , o s m o t i c p o t e n t i a l ( p ) , p r e ss ur e p o t e n t i a l ( p ) a n db u l k e l a s t i c m o d u l u s R e f o r e s t a t i o n of degraded l a n d r e q u i r e s ( i n r e l a t i o n to r e l a t i v e s y m p l a s t i c the use of s e l e c t e d s p e c i e s w h i c h water content ( S W C ) . s h o u l dp r o v i d e s u s t a i n a b l e l o n g - t e r m e c o l o g i c a l s e r v i c e s . E c o - p h y s i o l o g i c a l p r o p e r t i e s of trees are c o mm o n l y 0 , 50 c o n s i d e r e d when t h e i r c a p a c i t y f o r 0 , 45 growth and stress t o l e r a n c e a r e e v a l u a t e d (Kozlowski and P a ll a r d y , 0 , 40 - 1 ) 1997 ; L a r c h e r , 2003 ) . 1 / ( M p 0 , 35 w The a i m of t h i s research was t o 0 , 30 c h a r a c t e r i z e the water r e l a t i o n s of t h e 0 , 25 s p e c i e s I. multinervis f o r e ff i c i e n t use of water in forest s y s t e m s . 0 , 20 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100-RWC ( % ) F i g ur e 1. P l o t s of r e l a t i v e water c o n t e n t Materials and M e t h o d s (RWC) a g a i n s t water p o t e n t i a l ( Ψw ) . Study site and plant m a te r i a ls T a b l e 1 shows the water r e l a t i o n The study was c a rr i e d out a t parameters d e r i v e d from P – V curves f o r U n i v e r s i d a d E s t a t a l A m a z ó n i c a , l o c a t e d I. m ultine r v is . in the P r o v i n c e of Pastaza, E c u a d o r . S a m p li n g was c a rr i e d out in t h e T a b l e 1. Water parameters from I. p r o x i m i t y to the un i v e r s i t y . P l a n t multinervis

M O L 2 N E T , 2017 , 3, d o i : 10 . 3390 / m o l 2n e t - 03 - 04614 3 of the s o il , so i t is recommended to u s e O s m o t i c p o t e n t i a l (MPa) - 2 . 41 i t for low water c o n s u m p t i o n a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y l e ss i m p a c t on the soil a n d O s m o t i c p o t e n t i a l at w a t e r - 3 . 62 the e n v i r o n m e n t . s a t ur a t i o n w i t h full T ur g o r ( M P a) C o n cl u sio n s Bulk e l a s t i c m o d u l u s (MPa) 7 . 81 R e l a t i v e water content at t ur g o r The d e t e r m i n a t i o n of the w a t e r 73 . 31 l o ss p o i n t ( % ) parameters from the P - V curves a ll o w s the c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n of the w a t e r I. multinervis showed h i g h e r o s m o t i c r e l a t i o n s of forest s p e c i e s . I. multinervis p o t e n t i a l and o s m o t i c p o t e n t i a l at w a t e r presented low v a l u e s in the o s m o t i c p o t e n t i a l at water s a t ur a t i o n w i t h f u ll s a t ur a t i o n w i t h full turgor than other s p e c i e s , such as R obini a pseudo a c a ci a , turgor and in the water p o t e n t i a l a t turgor l o ss p o i n t , as well as low b u l k Quercusliaotungensis, Sy r ing a obl a t a , e l a s t i c m o d u l u s , i n d i c a t i n g that i t is a Acer stenolobum, A r m eni a c a sibi r ic a , s u i t a b l e s p e c i e s for forest systems i n P y r usbetul a e f oli a , low water content s o il s . The s p e c i e s i s C a r a g a n a m ic r oph y ll a , Rosa hugonis according to reported by Y a n et recommended to m i t i g a t e t h e a l., ( 2013 ) . These authors reported f o r e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t s a ss o c i a t e d w i t h these s p e c i e s b u l k e l a s t i c m o d u l u s a n d drought degraded s o il s . r e l a t i v e water content at turgor l o ss p o i n t above those shown by I. Bi b liog r aph y m ultine r v is . B u l k e l a s t i c m o d u l u s i s o n e B a r t l e tt , M . K ., Sc o ff o n i , C., & Sack, L . of the key l ea f p h y s i o l o g i c a l t r a i t s of (2012). The d e t e r m i n a n t s of l ea f t ur g o r p l a n t d r o u g h t t o l e r a n c e e s t i m a t e d f r o m l o ss p o i n t and p r e d i c t i o n of d r o u g h t the r e l a t i o n s h i p betweenthe l ea f – w a t e r t o l e r a n c e of s p e c i e s and b i o m e s : a p o t e n t i a l and l ea f – w a t e r v o l u m e , g l o b a l m e t a ‐ a n a l y s i s . Ecology L ette r s , a l s o k n o w n as the p r e ss ur e – v o l u m e 15 (5), 393 - 405 . c ur v e . is m e c h a n i s t i c a ll y r e l a t e d t o other P – V parameters t h a t K o z l o w s k i , T . T., & P a ll a r d y , S. G . i n c l u d e o s m o t i c p o t e n t i a l at turgor l o ss (1997). P h y s i o l o g y of Woody P l a n t s , p o i n t , o s m o t i c p o t e n t i a l at full t ur g o r , 411 pp. Academic, San Diego, C a li f . and r e l a t i v e water content at turgor l o ss p o i n t . These parameters have a l s o b ee n K u b i s k e , M . E., & A b r a m s , M . D . (1990). P r e ss ur e ‐ v o l u m e r e l a t i o n s h i p s c o rr e l a t e d w i t h v a r i o u s aspects of drought t o l e r a n c e( L e n z a l . 2006 ; in non‐re hydrated t i ss u e at v a r i o u s water et B a r t l e tt et a l . 2012 ; Touchette et a l ., d e f i c i t s . Plant, Cell & En v i r on m ent , 13 (9), 995 - 1000 . 2014). For i n s t a n c e , a m o r e n e g a t i v e o s m o t i c p o t e n t i a l at turgor l o ss L a r c h e r , W . (2003). Physiological pl a nt p o i n t e x t e n d s therange of l ea f – w a t e r p o t e n t i a l at w h i c h the l ea f r e m a i n s t ur g i d ecology: ecophysiology and st r ess and m a i n t a i n s s t o m a t a l and h y d r a u li c g r oups . physiology of functional c o n d u c t a n c e , p h o t o s y n t h e t i c g a s S p r i n g e r Sc i e n c e & B u s i n e ss M e d i a . exchange, and p l a n t growth, w h i c h L e n z , T . I., W r i g h t , I. J., & W e s t o b y , M . i s e s p e c i a ll y i m p o r t a n t when d r o u g h t (2006). I n t e rr e l a t i o n s among p r e ss ur e – occurs d ur i n g t h e g r o w i n g season ( L e n z v o l u m e curve t r a i t s across s p e c i e s a n d et a l ., 2006 ; B a r t l e tt et a l ., 2012 ) . water a v a il a b ili t y g r a d i e n t s . These r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e that the s p e c i e s P h y siologi a P l a nt a r u m , 127 ( 3 ) , 423 - presents h i g h water a b s o r p t i o n c a p a c i t y 433 .