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Mass & Energy balances around full scale plants for food waste anaerobic digestion Franco Cecchi, David Bolzonella, Francesco Fatone, Franco Cecchi, David Bolzonella, Francesco Fatone, Veronica Facchin, Nicola Frison University of Verona,


  1. Mass & Energy balances around full scale plants for food waste anaerobic digestion Franco Cecchi, David Bolzonella, Francesco Fatone, Franco Cecchi, David Bolzonella, Francesco Fatone, Veronica Facchin, Nicola Frison University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology Valorgas (ENERGY-2009-3.2.2) workshop ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 1

  2. Mass and energy balances around plants operating the mesophilic and thermophilic AD of food waste In the Valorgas project we are considering not only the global …. Biogas Solid Pre- S/L Food AD treatments Separation waste Liquid Rejects ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 2

  3. …. mass and energy balance, but also …… Biogas Solid Pre- S/L Food AD treatments Separation waste Liquid Rejects ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 3

  4. … the balance for single parts of the train of processes for food waste treatment …. Biogas Solid Pre- S/L Food AD treatments Separation waste Liquid Rejects ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 4

  5. Biogas Solid Pre- S/L Food AD treatments Separation waste Liquid Rejects ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 5

  6. Biogas Solid Pre- S/L Food AD treatments Separation waste Liquid Rejects ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 6

  7. Biogas Solid Pre- S/L Food AD treatments Separation waste Liquid Rejects ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 7

  8. Biogas Solid Pre- S/L Food AD treatments Separation waste Liquid Rejects Post- treatments ? ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 8

  9. We decided, together with the plant managers at Valorsul (P) and Biogen Greenfinch (UK), to collect data on samples from the following points (wherever possible) Biogas post- Condensate solid phase treatments water (if any) (recycle) pre- separation anaerobic digester anaerobic digester raw raw treatments treatments food waste post- liquid phase treatments inert / reject (if any) sampling point ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 9

  10. And determine the following parameters (minimal set) Solid/liquid streams Parameter Abbreviation Units kg day -1 Flowrate, Q g kg -1 or % on wet weight Total solids TS g kg -1 ,%TS Total volatile solids TVS gO 2 kgTS -1 Total COD TCOD g kgTS -1 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen TKN (as N) g kgTS -1 Total phosphorous TP (as P) Biogas Parameter Abbreviation Units Nm 3 day -1 Flowrate, Q kg day -1 Mass flowrate CH4 content CH4 % CO2 content CO2 % ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 10

  11. Then, also the energetic balance, as a global figure, and for different parts of the treatment plants, will be determined considering: a) the heat and power production from biogas b) the overall power consumption of the plant (kWh per day) c) the heat and power supply from nets (if any) On the other hand, the specific energy consumption for any single unit (e.g., pre-treatment – and its parts, if possible - , digester, solid/liquid separation ....) is of fundamental interest for the study and comparison of different processes/technologies/substrates. ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 11

  12. Two different treatment plants are considered in the research project a) The Biogen Greenfinch plant in Ludlow (UK) - MESOPHILIC AD of food waste from separate collection b) The Valorsul plant in Almadora-Lisbon (P) – THERMOPHILIC AD of both food waste from separate collection and residues from restaurants /markets ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 12

  13. Biogen Greenfinch plant in Ludlow (UK) Courtesy of Paolo Pavan ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 13

  14. Courtesy of Michael Chesshire ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 14

  15. Courtesy of Michael Chesshire ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 15

  16. Courtesy of Michael Chesshire ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 16

  17. Courtesy of Michael Chesshire ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 17

  18. ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 18

  19. Courtesy of Michael Chesshire ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 19

  20. Courtesy of Michael Chesshire ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 20

  21. Courtesy of Michael Chesshire ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 21

  22. Courtesy of Michael Chesshire ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 22

  23. Courtesy of Michael Chesshire ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 23

  24. MASS BALANCE Preliminary figures from Greenfinch (tonnes/year) Biogas 2.249 (Condensate 20) Inputs (total) 15.487 Meso Meso AD AD Outputs (total) 12.051 Biowaste 11.959 Liquid biofertiliser 11.982 of of Industrial water 3.370 Solid biofertiliser Solid biofertiliser 69 69 Domestic water Domestic water 158 158 food food waste food food waste waste waste Rejects 122 Key figures Specific biogas production 160 Nm 3 /tonne or 0.65 Nm 3 /kgVS VS removal up to 84% ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 24

  25. ENERGY BALANCE The average yearly data for Biogen Greenfinch in Ludlow (UK) are Electricity Generated 2.329 MWh Parasitic 782 MWh 90% digester mix & CHP 10% fans and S/L separation Imported Electricity Imported Electricity 211 211 MWh MWh Net Electricity Output 1.547 MWh Generated 194kWh/tonne Consumed 23kWh/tonne Energy Index (Gen/Cons) 8,5 ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 25

  26. Valorsul treatment plant in Lisbon Metro area (P) - thermophilic treatment of households and restaurants food waste Courtesy of Paolo Pavan ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 26

  27. ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 27

  28. ����������������� ������� ² ����������������������� ������������������������������ ������������������������������ �� ����!����"������ ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 28

  29. Collection from large producers (restaurants, canteens, supermarkets ….) #�"�����$������������%�� ��������������"������� �&�����%���������������� �&�����%���������������� ������������������������'� ���������"�����'����� ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 29

  30. (������%������������������� ) *���������'������)$��������������� $����� ) *����������������������� ) *�����������"������+%������"���� ) +,��������$�������������� ) !��"������-������������ ) .��������������������������������� ��������������'���/������0����������� ��'���������1

  31. #���"����� *����''�� 2 ����'������ 2 3�/��'�$���� ) ���'�$����� ) ���'�$����� 2 !����"�� 2 !����"�� ) ����� 2 4����������������������������������� ) %�"������� 2 !���������"� ) ���� 2 -�"���������'�� ) ���� 2 .�&����� ) �""� ) ����� ) ������ ) ������"�� ) �������������

  32. ����������#*������'������������������� ��5������������������������ ���"�����'������ ) 3���������� ) 6��'�����5� ) 3������7�#'�%�������� �������������'������������ �������������������������3������ �''�'�������� b circuit: defined route a vehicle travels to collect from X waste organic producers

  33. 68�!���� Composting Digesters and gas holder Reception and pre-treatment Water treatment ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 33

  34. 68�!���� Composting Digesters and gas holder Reception and pre-treatment Water treatment ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 34

  35. ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 35

  36. Collected bags from restaurants and canteens Courtesy of Paolo Pavan Up to 18% contaminants in large producers waste…. ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 36

  37. Courtesy of Paolo Pavan ADSW&EC Vienna 2011 37

  38. “Inert” output of the trommel screen Courtesy of Paolo Pavan Jyvaskyla Summer School 2011 38

  39. Manual sorting Courtesy of Paolo Pavan Jyvaskyla Summer School 2011 39

  40. Wet rafination for heavy (glass, stones…) and light (plastic) light (plastic) inerts by means of a hydro- pulper Hydro-pulper (Linde) Courtesy of Paolo Pavan Jyvaskyla Summer School 2011 40

  41. Hydropulper (internal view) From BTA website Jyvaskyla Summer School 2011 41

  42. Inert material from the pulper (bottom) …. Courtesy of Paolo Pavan Jyvaskyla Summer School 2011 42

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