PURDUE UNIVERSITY , PURDUE UNIVERSITY | | WEST LAFAYETTE OFFICE ENROLLMENT MANAGEMENT March 23, 2020 SAT and ACT Test Use in Admissions
PURDUE Test Optional Policies UNIVERSITY Different types of testing policies • Test Required – Purdue’s current policy • Test Flexible – must submit something academic in place of a test • Test Optional – multiple types of formats but generally allow students to chose whether to submit a score or not • Test Blind – most common to open admission institutions and those who are not meeting enrollment goals
PURDUE Test Optional Arguments UNIVERSITY PROS & CONS Proponents behind test optional argue • Tests have inherent socio-economic bias • Eliminating the test requirement will encourage more students to apply • Eliminating the test will create equity • Test optional will increase the institution’s diversity Additional benefits • The Law of Artificial Score Inflation: Students not submitting lower test scores will raise the school’s U.S. News ranking
PURDUE Test Optional Arguments UNIVERSITY PROS & CONS Proponents for the use of tests • Testing agencies continue to conduct validity studies with Universities demonstrating the correlation between the predictive nature of academic performance with HS GPA and test scores • When combined with other criteria, the test provide important predictive value • Both standardized tests have recently undergone a full test overhaul and College Board has made test preparation resources free through Khan Academy Other items for which the tests are utilized • Placement specifically in math courses has been consistently recognized as accurate
~ PURDUE Predictive Validity UNIVERSITY Predictive strength of admissions measures across all applicants and all majors 0.65 SAT Tests, HSGPA, Add. Predictors, SAT Subj . Tests (N=1,182) 0.64 SAT Tests, HSGPA, Add. Predictors {N=S,692) 0.62 SAT Tests and HSGPA (N:;;6,784) High School GPA (N=6,784) 0.58 Q) 0.50 Average of AP Exam Scores (N=S,742) L.. ::::J rJ) 0.50 SAT Tests {N=6.784) cu Q) 0.48 SAT Math Section (N=6,784) C 0. 46 SAT ERW Section {N=6,784) 0 · u5 en 0.41 .E Number of different AP exams {N:;;6,784) 0.41 Highest Non-Language SAT Subject Test {N=1,341) "O <t: 0.40 Number of Honors or AP courses (N=6.705) 0.40 Average of Two Highest SAT Subject Tests (N=1,354) 0. 37 Highest of All SAT Subject Tests {N=1,354) 0.18 Number of activities during high school {N=6,784) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Pred i ct i ve St rength (Unsigned Ad j usted Correla ti on) Pr ed i ct i ve Strength ■ Strong ■ Moderate Weak
PURDUE Grade Inflation UNIVERSITY • High school grades continue to rise, extending a trend documented throughout the 1990s by the US Department of Education (https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pu bid=2004455). • With research showing more students are receiving higher HSGPAs, colleges need more information to make fair decisions. Test scores in combination with other factors, especially high school course performance, act as an essential check and balance on another.
PURDUE Grade Inflation UNIVERSITY • High schools with the largest increases in high school GPA over time also had the lowest percentage of students who were Black or Hispanic and students who were eligible for free or reduced price lunch. • Students whose parents had the lowest levels of education experienced the least grade inflation. • Students in private high schools (both independent and religiously-affiliated) were three times more likely to experience grade inflation than students in public or charter schools.
~ ~ PURDUE HS GPA Inflation UNIVERSITY HSGPA increases at higher rates in more affluent schools -- LP. _ Affl ienr - v1c re Af L.! 1 e -- --- Gap 3.25 <( 1 C.. (.? - (l) 3.0 > • /-- ---------_.....-4: ...... I ro I I Recent: 0.41 , :::, 2.75 E :::J u Lowe 1: O 31 2.5 ·- "'O (I) 2.25 :rnos 20 s 2006 2007 2ocs 2009 2010 2011 :2.012 2013 2014 20 6 Year Note: Less affluent sc oo/s are defrned as those with more t an 50 percent of s udents eligible for f,ee or reduced - priced lunch; more affluent schools have Jess an 50 percent_
PURDUE Admissions Evaluation UNIVERSITY • Purdue currently employs a holistic application review process. • No single factor alone is what determines a student’s admissibility. • The strength of admissions decisions lies in the use of context to understand a student’s individual performance relative to their home and learning context.
PURDUE Admission Evaluation UNIVERSITY Measure of effort and achievement as a combination of HSGPA and Test Score Overachiever High Achiever GPA (Measure of effort) ---> Low Achiever Underachiever SAT/ACT (Measure of achievement)--->
~ ~ ~ ~ Relationship between SAT Math 100 4 scores & first year 5: 90 5 3.31 3.5 .. 80 0 mathematics u u 'i QI 3 'i grades E £ 70 .. i; .. QI ::E 2.5 5 60 · = 8 1 fl 2 i 00 so i E 0 £ .. .. Cl) 40 1.5 ::E .. QI .. 00 E 30 "' 1 > <( t 20 QI 0.5 10 QI c,, 0 0 20Cr290 30Cr390 40Cr490 50Cr590 600-690 70Cr800 S AT-M Score Band - % B or higher ~ Mathe mat ics Grade fl CollegeBoard
~i~ Consisten t high schoo] nd ColegeBoaal neighbomood information fo1 coUeges Relationship llu 1 JQIJ.ll,l'C 1 ~ ----=(\IJv ............ Id I between SAT Math m 0111:! Edl;:!U.le JJ 1 _,,,,...,.\'I, an oo n nt.. af lll PJJ~'-"•AJD. scores & first year Y live. ~pl~ml"::i f.e!:3 l UO Lr ~Oil~. mathematics grades 1 Categone1 Or f lnfonnatitmt Three ~A .. . 1· m n r ~ :: ~-0~ II ~ ~ 1 0000 HI II B 11 ol 11 0000 Ba le High School Data N I hbomood Indicator a r Compa on CG'lltfl ~J:p;j_fll!i:• (1.Q ' •• itW}.]] 1ac S.nl I of PIR'i~ , fi C dmt
PURDUE Other Uses of Tests UNIVERSITY First year Purdue West Lafayette retention rates for students from 2014 through 2018 by SAT and concorded ACT score bands All Cohorts Combined 1st Year Retention 100.0% 95.5% 94.2% 95.0% 93.7% 91.3% 89.4% 90.0% 86.1% 85.0% 80.0% 75.0% < = 1100 1101 to 1200 1201 to 1300 1301 to 1400 1401 to 1500 > 1500
PURDUE Other Uses of Tests UNIVERSITY Four year Purdue West Lafayette graduation rates for students from 2011 through 2015 by SAT and concorded ACT score bands. All Cohorts Combined 4 Year Graduation 80.0% 75.0% 70.0% 67.0% 65.0% 59.5% 60.0% 57.6% 57.5% 56.9% 55.0% 52.8% 50.0% 45.0% 40.0% < = 1100 1101 to 1200 1201 to 1300 1301 to 1400 1401 to 1500 > 1500
■ ■ ■ PURDUE Growth in Diversity UNIVERSITY , 08 6, 72 6,2 5, 43 4,762 Fall 2008 Fa ll 2 00 9 Fall 2010 Fa ll 2011 Fa ll 2 01 2 Fall 2013 Fa ll 2 01 4 Fall 2 01 5 Fa ll 2016 Fa ll 2017 Fall 2018 Fall 2019 Stage Mat ri s Admi tt e Applied Source: Enrollment Management Analysis and Reporting
PURDUE Growth in Diversity UNIVERSITY e rc ent A nua Change r CQ M I R R Source: Percent Change in Graduates: https://knocking.wiche.edu/percent-change-in-graduates
PURDUE Conculsion UNIVERSITY • Purdue is currently not struggling to meet it’s enrollment goals. • It would not benefit Purdue to implement a different test policy for undergraduate admissions. • Other options for increasing diversity: • PPI High Schools • Fast Start • Test score provide a reliable and valid data point from which to predict a student’s likelihood of college success.
PURDUE UNIVERSITY , PURDUE UNIVERSITY | | WEST LAFAYETTE OFFICE ENROLLMENT MANAGEMENT Questions
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