México Arturo Fernández Madrigal Instituto de Energías Renovables UNAM afm@ier.unam.mx Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 1 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Outline • Introduction • Rural Sector • Energy Efficiency • Capacity Buildings Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 2 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Energy Consum ption 2009 2010 2011 National Energy 8197 8071 8399 Consumption (Petajoule) Gross domestic product 8384 8848 9194 (thousands of millions of MXN 2003 Population (millions) 107 108 109 Energy consumption per 76 74 77 capite (GJ/person) Electricity consumption 204516 21223 226896 (GWh) Electricity consumption 1901 1957 2077 per capite (kWh/per) Production (Petajoule) 9474 9250 9190 Source: SENER Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 3 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Installed electrical power generation capacity by technology Source: SENER Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Source: SENER 4 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Electricity Generation by Region Source: SENER Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 5 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Renewable Energy Production Source: SENER Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 6 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Hum an resources in energy sector Source: SENER Source: SENER Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 7 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Rural Sector • Rural and urban population: • Rural: less than 2500 people, 1950- 57% ; 2010-22% • Urban: m ore than 2500 people 1950-43% ; 2010-78% • According with the last population census 97.6% of people has electricity at hom e. • Close to 3 m illions of people has no electricity, all are rural sector. Close to 640 000 hom es . Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 8 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Actual situation Sates with less access to electricity State % Guerrero 6.33 Chiapas 5.88 Oaxaca 7.21 San Luis Potosi 5.58 Veracruz 4.67 • Rural areas are isolated and remote • In most rural areas the kerosene, firewood, batteries cars are the only option to provide energy and electricity • Government sector promote few programs on renewable energies, in rural areas. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 9 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Energy efficiency • Energy efficiency program s are concentrate in houses, com m ercial buildings and equipm ent and power density. • The governm ent sector set up: CONAE (National Com m ission on Energy Saving, 1998), • now CONNUE. FIDE (Trust Fund for saving electricity) • • CFE (Federal ElectricityCom m ision) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 10 Instituto de Energías Renovables
The NOMs of CONAE • The NOM of equipm ent cam e first • Refrigerators, electrical motors, air conditioning • Then cam e the standards applied to system s • Interior andexterior lighting • The envelope standards took years • NOM-008 (8 years) • NOM-020 (20 years) • Only the ones apply to equipm ent are fully satisfied Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 11 Instituto de Energías Renovables
The programs of the CFE, FIDE and CONAE • CFE (Federal Com m ission of Electricity) ILUMEX • • FIDE (Trust Fund for saving electricity) • Demonstration projects • Data on projects impact • Incentive Program • Com m ercial lighting • CONAE • Public buildings program • A large database of comm ercial buildings Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 12 Instituto de Energías Renovables
In the last ten years other actors appear (1) The AEAEE (Association of entrepreneurs for saving energy in buildings) • Finds the application of standard therm al insulation through standards (NOMs) • Set the thermal zones from degree days • Elaborate the NM X-C-460-2009-ONNCCE • Brings the concept of Zero Energy Hom es in M exico • TheINFONAVIT (Institute of Housing Fund for W orkers) • Along with the INE, the II-UNAM and FIDE, analyze, • design and im plem ent the Green M ortgage The CONAVI (National HousingComm ission) • Produces codes, a M DL program m atic and integrates • aspects of sustainability to hom es with federal grants Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 13 Instituto de Energías Renovables
In the last ten years other actors appear (2) • GBC (Green Building Council)-M exico) • It brings the concept LEED. • The Com m ission for Environm ental Cooperation. • Analyzes integral and regionally the concept of Green Building in North America. • promotes the concept of Green Buildings in Mexico • The hom ebuilders • They integrate the Green Mortgage • Participate in the Zero Energy Homes initiative • The SM A-GDF • Integrate certification with tax benefits Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 14 Instituto de Energías Renovables
In the last ten years are other actors (4) • The National Institute of Ecology (INE) • Develop a site on sustainable housing • Develop a certification system based on com m ercial buildings Energy Star m odel Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 15 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Inthelast tenyearsareother actors(4) • Mario M olina Center • Integrates the them e of buildings to their topics of study • Supports certification initiatives • DOW Chem ical • Organize a working group in the context of AEAEE (Association of enterprises to energy conservation in buildings) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 16 Instituto de Energías Renovables
In recent months • From COP-16, have been presented or operate a series of certification initiative • INFONAVIT • SENER • SEM ARNAT • M ario M olina Center • GDF-SM A Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 17 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Capacity Buildings “A fundamental goal of CB is to enhance the ability to evaluate and address the • crucial question related to policy choices and m odes of implementations among development options, based on an understanding of environmental options, based on an understanding potential and lim its and of needs perceived by people of the country concerned”, (UNCED,1992) In particular in sustainability developm ent are identify som e • obstacles In education, undergraduate students receive m onodisciplinary training. “deep tunnels instead wide horizons” (J. Sarukhan) Researchers show poor ability to establish connections with other disciplines. Lack dem ocracy within research groups. Policies in prom otions, career developm ent etc. , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 18 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Capacity Building • The overall fram ework for energy m anagement has been establish m ainly in term s of legislation (Renewable Energy (RE) law; 35% of total energy production with RE in 2025) and institutions. • In particular with renewable energy utilization som e efforts have been m ade by private sectors, and also the governm ent . • In term s of hum an resources training, public universities and technologic institutes prom ote programs for under and graduate students in renewable energy. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 19 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Capacity Buildings • There are two references on studies about Capacity Buildings: W ater and Sustainable development. • There som e lesson to learn. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 20 Instituto de Energías Renovables
Thank you Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 21 Instituto de Energías Renovables
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