74 th IIRB Congress 1 – 3 July 2014 Hotel Westin Bellevue Dresden Long-term storage of sugar beet in North-West Europe Robert Olsson Toon Huijbregts, Guy Legrand, Christa Hoffmann, Åsa Olsson COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
References COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
The beet in the clamp is living and living demands energy sucrose glucose + fructose Respiration + ADP + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O heat ATP Koster and Joritsma 1980 COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
Why are we loosing sucrose during storage? Respiration COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
Why are we loosing sucrose during storage? Respiration Wound healing COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
Why are we loosing sucrose during storage? Respiration Wound healing Sprouting COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
Why are we loosing sucrose during storage? Respiration Wound healing Sprouting Moulds and rots COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
Why are we loosing sucrose during storage? Respiration Wound healing Sprouting Moulds and rots Bacteria COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
Why are we loosing sucrose during storage? Respiration Wound healing Sprouting Moulds and rots Bacteria Frost damage COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
How much has to be lost, is lost or could be lost per day? Conditions % g/kg sugar g/ton of beet Perfect 0,03 0,3 50 Very good 0,05 0,5 85 Good 0,1 1 170 Poor 0,3 3 500 COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
Potential for improvement! Conditions % Perfect 2 After Very good 3 60 days Good 6 Poor 18 COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
How to measure sugar losses? Controlled conditions respiration Equipment at IRBAB. Photo: IRBAB COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
How to measure sugar losses? Controlled conditions respiration sugar loss Beets in net sacs in container under controlled conditions at IfZ. Photo: IfZ COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
How to measure sugar losses? Controlled conditions respiration sugar loss Beets in boxes under controlled conditions at NBR. COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
How to measure sugar losses? Controlled conditions respiration practice In the field Whole clamp trials 150-200 ton whole clamp trials in Sweden. COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
How to measure sugar losses? Controlled conditions respiration practice In the field Whole clamp trials Net bags in clamps Net bags trial in the Netherlands. Photo: IRS COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
How to measure sugar losses? Controlled conditions respiration practice In the field Whole clamp trials Net bags in clamps Sampling in clamp Sampling in clamp in Sweden COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
Temperature scoring x x x x x x x South North COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
What to analyse? Standard analysís Additional weight direct sucrose sugar (pol) invert sugars K+Na raffinose dirttare/cleanness soluble nitrogen marc/dry matter Others sprouts New moulds on line glucose rotten parts COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
What makes the difference? Harvesting Storage Beet material and clamping conditions conditions Root damage Beet growing Storage temperature conditions and period Defoliation/topping Variety Humidity Weather Beet size Frost damage Treatment COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
What makes the difference? Harvesting Storage Beet material and clamping conditions conditions Root damage Beet growing Storage temperature conditions and period Defoliation/topping Variety Humidity Weather Beet size Frost damage Treatment COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
What makes the difference? Harvesting Storage Beet material and clamping conditions conditions Root damage Beet growing Storage temperature conditions and period Defoliation/topping Variety Humidity Weather Beet size Frost damage Treatment COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
What makes the difference? Harvesting Storage Beet material and clamping conditions conditions Root damage Beet growing Storage temperature conditions and period Defoliation/topping Variety Humidity Weather Beet size Frost damage Treatment COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
What makes the difference? Harvesting Storage Beet material and clamping conditions conditions Root damage Beet growing Storage temperature conditions and period Defoliation/topping Variety Humidity Weather Beet size Frost damage Treatment COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
Causes for genotypic differences in storage losses of sugar beet Carbohydrate metabolism Susceptibility to damage Pathogen infestation Genotypes with high tissue stability Low enzyme activity and Low susceptibility to damage Less penetration and spread of respiration rate pathogen Less wound Less entry Unspecific heeling points for resistance processes pathogens Low storage losses! (Schnepel & Hoffmann 2014)
What makes the difference? Harvesting Storage Beet material and clamping conditions conditions Root damage Beet growing Storage temperature conditions and period Defoliation/topping Variety Humidity Weather Beet size Frost damage Treatment COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
What makes the difference? Harvesting Storage Beet material and clamping conditions conditions Root damage Beet growing Storage temperature conditions and period Defoliation/topping Variety Humidity Weather Beet size Frost damage Treatment COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
What makes the difference? Harvesting Storage Beet material and clamping conditions conditions Root damage Beet growing Storage temperature conditions and period Defoliation/topping Variety Humidity Weather Beet size Frost damage Treatment COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
What makes the difference? Harvesting Storage Beet material and clamping conditions conditions Root damage Beet growing Storage temperature conditions and period Defoliation/topping Variety Humidity Weather Beet size Frost damage Treatment COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
Where are we today and where are we going? Photo: Pype COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
Thank you for your attention! COBRI Coordination Beet Research International IfZ ∙ IRBAB ∙ IRS ∙ NBR
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