Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services Andreas He, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick University College Dublin, Ireland {andreas.hess, nick}@ucd.ie Science US Office of Foundation Naval Research Ireland Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 1

Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 1. Introduction 2. Our Machine Learning Approach 3. Classification Tasks a) Domain & Datatype (Web Forms) b) Category (Web Services) 4. Conclusion & Discussion Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 2

Web Services Web Services ● Web Services Web-accessible ● computational entities Loosely coupled ● Just RPC? Web forms? ● Data Integration? ● Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 3

Web Services Web Services ● Tasks / Problems Automatic Discovery ● Automatic Composition ● Automatic Invocation ● Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 4

Scenario Scenario Congo ? ● author ● title ● quantity ? Winding Stair ● authName ● bookT ● ISBN Teatime ● region ● qlty ● qty Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 5

Scenario Scenario Congo ● author ● title ● quantity Winding Stair Global Ontology ● authName ● bookT ● Item ● ISBN ➢ Quantity ➢ Price ● Book ➢ Author ➢ Title Teatime ➢ ISBN ● Tea ● region ➢ Region ● qlty ➢ Quality ● qty Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 6

Scenario Scenario Congo ● author ● title ● quantity Semantic Metadata e.g. DAML-S / OWL-S Winding Stair Global Ontology ● authName ● bookT ● Item ● ISBN ➢ Quantity ➢ Price (handcrafted) ● Book ➢ Author ➢ Title Teatime ➢ ISBN ● Tea ● region ➢ Region ● qlty ➢ Quality ● qty Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 7

Scenario Scenario Congo ! ● author ● title ● quantity Winding Stair Global Ontology ● authName ● bookT ● Item ● ISBN ➢ Quantity ➢ Price ● Book ➢ Author ➢ Title Teatime ➢ ISBN ● Tea ● region ➢ Region ● qlty ➢ Quality ● qty Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 8

Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services ● Assumes: semantic annotation ● a shared ontology ● ● Semantic metadata needs to be handcrafted!! ● Our contribution: Use machine learning! Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 9

Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services ✔ Introduction 2. Our Machine Learning Approach 3. Classification Tasks a) Domain & Datatype (Web Forms) b) Category (Web Services) 4. Conclusion & Discussion Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 10

Machine Learning Machine Learning Congo Global Ontology ● Item ● author ● title Quantity ➢ ● quantity Price ➢ Book ● Author Winding Stair ➢ Title ➢ ● authName ISBN ➢ ● bookT Tea ● ● ISBN Region ➢ Quality Teatime ➢ ● region ● qlty ● qty Training data Semantic Metadata (handcrafted!) Learning algorithm Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 11

Machine Learning Machine Learning Global Ontology ● Item Quantity BookMaster ● librNumber ? ➢ Price ➢ Book ● ● writer Author ➢ ● bookName Title ➢ ISBN ➢ Tea ● Region ➢ Quality ➢ Learning algorithm Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 12

Machine Learning Machine Learning Global Ontology ● Item Quantity BookMaster ➢ Price ➢ Book ● ● writer Author ➢ ● bookName Title ➢ ISBN ➢ ● librNumber Tea ● Region ➢ Quality ➢ Semantic Metadata (automatic) Learning algorithm Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 13

Key Assumption Key Assumption What does this function do? public int nbgfuibhuf( int nvzfdubzuf , int cnuzdc ) { int vfddf = 0; for (int ujz = 0; ujz < nvzfdubzuf ; ujz ++) { vfddf += cnuzdc ; } return vfddf ; } Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 14

Key Assumption Key Assumption What does this function do? public int multiply (int factor1 , int factor2 ) { int product = 0; for (int n = 0; n < factor1 ; n ++) { product += factor2 ; } return product ; } Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 15

Key Assumption Key Assumption What does this function do? /** * This function multiplies two numbers in a very * inefficent way. It serves only as an example. */ public int multiply (int factor1 , int factor2 ) { int product = 0; for (int n = 0; n < factor1 ; n ++) { product += factor2 ; } return product ; } Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 16

A Text Classification Problem A Text Classification Problem Web Service classification == Text classification Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 17

Definitions Definitions Category Domain Datatype Broad description of Purpose of single Meaning of single ● ● ● service as a whole operation parameter e.g. e-commerce, e.g. query price, e.g. author name, ● ● ● weather, finance purchase book credit card number Profile hierarchy Atomic process Property ● ● ● ? Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 18

Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services ✔ Introduction ✔ Our Machine Learning Approach 3. Classification Tasks a) Domain & Datatype (Web Forms) b) Category (Web Services) 4. Conclusion & Discussion Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 19

Assumption Assumption Dependencies between Category  Domain  Datatype Category Domain Datatype ? Books Query book price Book title Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 20

Assumption Assumption Dependencies between Category  Domain  Datatype Category Domain Datatype  Tea Order tea Book title?? Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 21

Assumption Assumption Dependencies between Category  Domain  Datatype Category Domain Datatype  Tea Order tea Credit card number Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 22

Bayesian Networks Bayesian Networks ● Bayesian Networks Nodes are random variables ● Edges indicate conditional probabilites ● Flow of evidence ● Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 23

Bayesian Networks Bayesian Networks Pr[S EARCH B OOK ] = 0.51 Pr[Q UERY F LIGHT ] = 0.28 domain Pr[ BookTitle | S EARCH B OOK ] = 0.42 Pr[F IND C OLLEGE ] = 0.03 Pr[ Airport | S EARCH B OOK ] = 0.001 ... ... ... Pr[ BookTitle | Q UERY F LIGHT ] = 0.001 Pr[ Airport | Q UERY F LIGHT ] = 0.73 ... ... ... datatype 1 datatype 2 datatype 3 Pr[ title | BookTitle ] = 0.39 Pr[ title | Dest Airport ] = 0.02 Pr[ city | BookTitle ] = 0.01 Pr[ city | Dest Airport ] = 0.47 ... ... ... term 1 term 2 term 3 1 1 1 … … … term 1 term 2 term 3 K K K Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 24

Flow of evidence Flow of evidence Dependencies between Category  Domain  Datatype Category Domain Datatype ? Book title Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 25

Flow of evidence Flow of evidence Dependencies between Category  Domain  Datatype Category Domain Datatype ? ? Query book price Book title Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 26

Flow of evidence Flow of evidence Dependencies between Category  Domain  Datatype Category Domain Datatype ? Books Query book price Book title Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 27

Web Forms Web Forms domain datatype 1 datatype 2 datatype 3 time departure arrival calendar station station Andreas Heß, Nicholas Kushmerick: Learning to attach semantic metadata to Web Services 28