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Jun 16, 2023 •230 likes •639 views

Learning Goals [CT Building Block] Define spam, phishing schemes, and cookies and give examples of each [CT Building Block] Tell whether a communication technology (Internet, radio, LAN, etc.) is synchronous or asynchronous [CT

  1. Learning Goals • [CT Building Block] Define spam, phishing schemes, and cookies and give examples of each • [CT Building Block] Tell whether a communication technology (Internet, radio, LAN, etc.) is synchronous or asynchronous • [CT Building Block] Explain the roles of Internet addresses, domain names, and DNS servers in networking • [CT Building Application] Explain how data is transferred from one location to another across networks, such as the Internet • [CT Application] Understand some of the design features of TCP/IP networks, such as packets, routing, domain names, and hierarchical structure • [CT Application] Explain the importance of headers • [CT Impact] Describe some of the impacts of using cookies • [CT Application] Describe why bias may exist in Internet items and news stories • [CT Application] Evaluate the credibility of items found on the Internet Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  2. What has the Internet done for me lately? • The Internet is pretty complex. We’ll discuss its impacts and look at some of the basics that can help us understand it. • Spam • Phishing • Cookies Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  3. Phishing • Phishing: “the activity of defrauding an online account holder of financial information by posing as a legitimate company.” [Google Search] • There are several ways in which Phishing occurs. Knowing more about the Internet can help avoid it. Computational Thinking http://xkcd.com/1694/ http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  4. A good place to start is to understand something about URLs and Domain Names Addresses are key to performing networking tasks: • e-mail addresses: identify people • URLs: identify web pages • domain names: identify computers Both e-mail addresses and URLs have domain names Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  5. Breaking URLs down Here’s a URL: http://www.phdcomics.com/comics.php Protocol Domain File, directory, and additional information Most of the time the protocol is http (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol), but it can be other things. https means that it’s the secure hyper text transfer protocol Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  6. Domain names form a hierarchy • Each “.” separates a different level • The farther toward the end, the higher the level Example: www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca • • The name of the computer is www • Which is part of the undergrad domain ( ugrad ) Which is part of the Computer Science Department domain ( cs ) • Which is part of the University of British Columbia domain ( UBC ) • Which is part of Canada ( ca ) Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  7. Domain Names Pictorially • These names form a hierarchy • example names: cs.ubc.ca, google.com, ie ca com ugrad.cs.ubc.ca google ucc cbc ubc cs cs ugrad Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  8. cnn.com.de Do you remember the discussion in class about Google and fake news? Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  9. cnn.com.de vs. www.cnn.com cnn.com.de is not the same as www.cnn.com! cnn.com cnn.com.de . . com de cnn.com com.de www.cnn.com cnn.com.de Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  10. Fun Fact • Did you know that you can look up who owns a website? • “whois” is a command that lets you look up who owns a website. • Here is one website that will run whois: http://whois.domaintools.com Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  11. Breaking down the files After the domain name, comes the file organization. It’s in a hierarchy as well. http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/phishing_license.png Protocol Domain Directory file Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  12. Sometimes there can be additional information in a URL Let’s look at http://www.phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php?comici d=878 So far we’ve covered everything through: http://www.phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php Everything after a “?” is data needed to process the request. In this case, it’s the ID of the comic that the user has requested. Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  13. Computational thinking in the news! “‘Later, we found a few telemetry packets on our server and thought, wow, that could be another image.’ During operations, images were split into telemetry packets … For the very last image the transmission was interrupted after three [of 6] full packets were received… just over half of a complete Bonus image of a comet image. This was not recognised as an image by the automatic processing software, but the engineers … could make sense of these data fragments to reconstruct the image.” Computational Thinking http://gearsofbiz.com/unexpected-surprise-a-final-image-from- http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100 rosetta/92594

  14. Let’s dig a little deeper From: Apple <Do_not_reply@apple.com> To: rap@cs.ubc.ca Subject: unlock it now before you lose it We notice that you didn't use your iTunes account for along time, therefore we are obligate to close your account according to our policy including your i-cloud email also. but it is not too late, you can save your account I get the access back to our features and services just click On " Save it for me" and follow the instruction, we may ask you an extra information as security procedure to insure that are the account holder. if you don't need this account, just ignore this message and the account will be terminated in just few days, and we thank again for using our service. Regards. Look at links before you click! Actual URL: niti2.net Save it for me Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  15. E-mail has headers, too (search “email headers [e-mail client]”) Return-Path: <kovka24@host.dm80.ru> Received: from mail-relay1.cs.ubc.ca (mail-relay1.cs.ubc.ca [142.103.6.79]) by smtp.cs.ubc.ca (8.15.2/8.13.6) with ESMTPS id u7K257bU029713 (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=NO) for <rap@smtp.cs.ubc.ca>; Fri, 19 Aug 2016 19:05:07 -0700 Received: from host.dm80.ru (free.msk.ispsystem.net [82.146.44.135] (may be forged)) by mail-relay1.cs.ubc.ca (8.15.2/8.15.2) with ESMTP id u7K2569w003434 for <rap@cs.ubc.ca>; Fri, 19 Aug 2016 19:05:06 -0700 Received: from kovka24 by host.dm80.ru with local (Exim 4.80.1 (FreeBSD)) (envelope-from <kovka24@host.dm80.ru>) id 1bavej-000Fao-F5 for rap@cs.ubc.ca; Sat, 20 Aug 2016 09:05:05 +0700 Date: Sat, 20 Aug 2016 06:05:05 +0400 To: rap@cs.ubc.ca From: =?UTF-8?Q?Apple_?= <Do_not_reply@apple.com>… Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  16. The short version • Never submit your password to a site whose link you followed from e-mail • In general, don’t click on unexpected links • Not all Spam is a Phishing scheme. They may be just trying to sell you things… but if you have doubts, don’t click. Fascinating discussion on spam, including quotes from computer science researcher Stefan Savage: http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2013/01/15/169424 047/episode-430-black-market-pharmacies-and-the- spam-empire-behind-them Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  17. Sometimes you have to click, but think first From: UBC Broadcast Email <message@broadcast.ubc.ca> To: "rap@cs.ubc.ca" <rap@cs.ubc.ca> Subject: IT Alert: Recent fraudulent emails and ransomware targeting UBC __________________________ Follow the link below to view it online:: http://message.broadcast.ubc.ca/email/View.aspx?id=810026&q=104573467 2&qz=9a7b7f In this issue: IT Alert: Recent fraudulent emails and ransomware targeting UBC __________________________ Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  18. Where in the World is rap@cs.ubc.ca • rap is a user ID; the computer addressed by cs.ubc.ca will figure it out for us • cs.ubc.ca is an address... but it’s designed for humans • The transport layer switches from human-readable domain names to machine-friendly “ IP addresses ” Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  19. IP Addresses • Each computer connected to the Internet is given a unique address called its IP address (short for I nternet P rotocol address) • This address is either temporarily or permanently assigned by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) • An IP address is a series of numbers and letters separated by dots (old style addresses have fewer #s than new ones) • There are ~4.3 billion old style IPV4 addresses • There are ~3.4x10 38 IPV6 addresses Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

  20. Domain Name Servers: From names to numbers • Domain Name Servers (DNSs) keep a directory connecting domain names to IP addresses • Every computer connected to the Internet needs the IP address of its “nearest” DNS • This DNS is used to resolve , or translate, a domain name to an IP address • DNS names need to be constantly updated You can play with this: http://ip-lookup.net/domain-lookup.php Computational Thinking http://www.ugrad.cs.ubc.ca/~cs100

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