Latino Populations Myriam E. Torres, PhD, MSPH Clinical Associate - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Latino Populations Myriam E. Torres, PhD, MSPH Clinical Associate Professor Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Director Consortium for Latino Immigration Studies Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Prepared for: Leveraging Human Difference: A Strategic Priority for Business Success & Community Prosperity. Greenville Chamber Diversity & Inclusion Summit October 17, 2017

Outline • Latinos in the US • History of immigration • Data: Latinos in the South • Other considerations • Cultural Characteristics

HISPANIC/LATINOS IN THE US

US population by Race/Ethnicity (2016) Total 323,127,513 100% White 248,485,057 76.9% Hispanic/Latino 57,516,697 17.8 % African American 42,975,959 13.3 % Source: QuickFacts data US Census Bureau, https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/SEX255216 accessed on September 4, 2017

Diversity of the Latino population

U.S. Hispanic Population, by Origin, 2013 (Percentages) Mexico 63.4 Puerto Rico 9.5 El Salvador 3.8 Cuba 3.7 Dominican Rep. 3.3 Guatemala 2.4 1.9 Colombia Honduras 1.5 1.4 Spain 1.3 Ecuador 0 17.5 35 52.5 70 Source: US Census Bureau, 2015 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Accessed: https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk September 4, 2017

History 'A Day Without a Mexican'

Puerto Ricans • 2 nd largest Hispanic group • US citizens (1917) % • Great Migration: after WW II • In 1899 PR owned 93% of all farms • In 1930, US controlled �

Puerto Ricans • Poverty present in PR in the US • Children: – Less unemployment – Higher educational attainment – Higher incomes • Strong ethnic identity

Cubans Migration: politically • instigated First, tobacco workers • were relocated in the US • 1959-1962 155,000+ people left 1965-1972 257,000 • • 1980 “Marielitos” 120,000

Cubans • Most Cubans � Miami • Arrived with capital, education • Early immigrants: privileged • Others: lower-middle & working class • Disproportionately elderly and educated • Supported by the U.S.

US and Cuba re-opened Embassies on July 20, 2015

Trump New Policies towards Cuba 
 June 16, 2017

Mexico

Mexicans • Largest Hispanic group in the US • Only group that originates in the continental US • Migration started early in the century and escalated after the Mexican revolution: 1911

Mexicans • Mexico ceded 55% of its territory to the US (present-day Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, and parts of Colorado, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming) The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 and 1853 Gadsden Purchase

Mexicans • During the Great Depression � repatriation project • WW II doors re-opened � 300,000-500,000 Mexicans served in US armed forces

Mexicans • 1942-1964: Bracero program brought hundred of thousands of Mexicans to do agriculture work • Many returned but many stayed Bracero card

“Other” Latinos

“Other” Latinos • Foreign born • More recent immigrants • Most fleeing from – Political violence – War – Poverty • Excluded from support services

Census Data Sources: 1) US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration. US Census Bureau. 2) Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010. 2010 Census Briefs & 2015 American Community Survey 3) Pew Research Center 4) Kids Count

“ More than half of the growth in the total population of the United States between 2000 and 2010 was due to the increase in the Hispanic population”

US Hispanic/Latino Population 2 nd largest Hispanic population worldwide Mexico: 128.9 million US: 57.5 million Colombia: 47 million and Spain: 46.4 million

Latinos in the South 


States with Largest Hispanic Population Growth, 2000-2010 State Growth State Growth 2000-2010 2000-2010 (%) (%) South Carolina 148 Maryland 106 Alabama 145 Mississippi 106 Tennessee 134 South Dakota 103 Kentucky 122 Delaware 96 Arkansas 114 Georgia 96 Virginia 92 North Carolina 111 Source: Pew Hispanic Center tabulations of U.S. Census Bureau Redistricting_Files-PL_94-171 for states PEW HISPANIC CENTER, March 2011

Selected States with Large Hispanic Population Growth State Growth % of the population 2000-2010 (%) 2010 and 2015 Georgia 96 8.8 – 9.4 North Carolina 111 8.4 – 9.1 South Carolina 148 5.1 – 5.5 Tennessee 134 4.6 – 5.2 Alabama 145 3.9 – 4.2 Mississippi 106 2.7 – 3.1 Source: Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, Current Population Survey, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits. Retrieved: 1 30 2017

NC Population Race/Ethnicity Number % Total 10,146,788 100 White 7,204219 71.0 Black or African 2,252,587 22.2 American Hispanic or Latino 933,504 9.2 Source U.S. Census Bureau: State and County QuickFacts. Data derived from Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits . Retrieved: September 4, 2017

SC Population Race/Ethnicity Number % Total 4,961,119 100 White 3,398,367 68.5 Black or African 1,364,308 27.5 American Hispanic or Latino 272,868 5.5 Source U.S. Census Bureau: State and County QuickFacts. Data derived from Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits . Retrieved: September 4, 2017

Latino Population – Selected States State % Latino Population United States 17.8 Florida 24.9 Georgia 9.4 North Carolina 9.2 Virginia 9.1 South Carolina 5.5 Tennessee 5.2 Louisiana 5.0 Alabama 4.2 Mississippi 3.1 Source: QuickFacts. US Census Bureau: State and County Facts, 2016. Accessed: September 4, 2017

SC Counties with Largest Latino Population County Latino Population County % Greenville 43,284 8.8 Richland 20,760 5.1 Beaufort 20,114 11.2 Charleston 19,463 5.0 Spartanburg 19,325 6.5 Horry 18,861 6.1 Lexington 16,346 5.8 Berkeley 12,573 6.2 York 11,028 5.1 Aiken 9,121 5.5 Source U.S. Census Bureau: QuickFacts data are derived from: Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, Current Population Survey, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits. Retrieved 2016 


Age of Hispanics in South Carolina 
 (data in thousands) AGE (IN YEARS) ALL NON-HISPANICS HISPANICS Age groups White Black All Native Foreign born born Younger than 5 304 157 98 30 30 <0.5 5-17 777 438 247 55 45 10 18-29 785 457 244 55 24 31 30-39 584 355 165 47 12 35 40-49 636 415 175 29 11 18 50-64 938 657 243 19 9 10 65 and older 656 511 129 7 4 3 Source: Pew Research Center. 2011

Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of the 2014 American Community Survey

North Carolina South Carolina Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of the 2014 American Community Survey

US Vs. Foreign-born Hispanics North Carolina South Carolina Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of the 2014 American Community Survey

• 164,000 registered voters in North Carolina in 2016 • 88,000 SC Latinos can vote (2016 data)

Mortality Data United States South Carolina

Leading Causes of Death Cause of Death White Hispanic / Mexicans Puerto Cubans Latino Ricans Diseases of the heart 1 1 1 1 1 Malignant neoplasms 2 2 2 2 2 Chronic lower resp. dis. 3 6 7 6 5 Unintentional injuries 4 5 5 5 4 Cerebrovascular diseases 5 3 3 4 3 Alzheimer’s disease 6 7 6 7 7 Diabetes Mellitus 7 4 4 3 6 Suicide 8 13 13 13 10 Influenza and pneumonia 9 9 9 8 9 Nephrotic syndrome 10 10 10 10 8 Source: CDC. MMWR. (2015) Vital Signs: Leading Causes of Death, Prevalence of Diseases and Risk Factors, and Use of Health Services Among Hispanics in the United States — 2009–2013

Summary Like whites, Hispanics most frequently die from heart disease or cancer. Although Hispanics have lower death rates than whites for 9 of the 15 leading causes of death , Hispanic death rates for diabetes and chronic liver disease including cirrhosis are higher by about 50%. Source: CDC. MMWR. (2015) Vital Signs: Leading Causes of Death, Prevalence of Diseases and Risk Factors, and Use of Health Services Among Hispanics in the United States — 2009–2013