Latest European Developments around Plastic Presentation by: Tatiana Luján Date: 21/05/2019
Effects of plastic pollution on wildlife • Ingestion: starvation internal abrasion • Entanglement: wounds, impaired mobility, response to predators, reproduction, asphyxiation • Microplastics: toxic chemicals decreased feeding rates bioaccumulation • Invasive species • Spread of antibiotic resistant genes
Effects of plastic pollution on human health • Exposure: bottled water tap water table salt honey sea food atmosphere • Effects: endocrine disruption inflammation of the lungs carcinogenicity gene mutation
The costs to society of plastic pollution • Ecosystem services • Fisheries • Clean up • Tourism • Commercial shipping
Plastic as a contributor to climate change EU current and projected CO2 emmissions from the production of plastics, steel, aluminium and cement If current trends in production and consumption continue, the plastics sector “will account for 20% of total oil consumption and 15% of the global annual carbon budget by 2050”
Trends in plastic production, consumption and waste generation In Europe, 59% of plastic waste generation comes from packaging European Commission. Plastic waste generation in the European Union (EU-28) in 2015, by type Source: European Commission.
Waste Package Reform • Directive (EU) 2018/ 851 – amending the Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) • Directive (EU) 2018/ 850 - amending the Landfilling Directive (1999/31/EC) • Directive (EU) 2018/ 852- amending the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (94/62/EC) • Directive (EU) 2018/ 853 - amending Directives of end-of-life vehicles, batteries and accumulators and waste electrical and electronic equipment.
Waste Package Reform Directive (EU) 2018/850 - amending the Landfilling Directive (1999/31/EC) • By 2030, waste suitable for recycling or other recovery will not be permitted to be disposed of to landfill. • By 2035, the amount of municipal waste disposed of in landfills is reduced to 10% or less of the total amount of municipal waste generated.
Waste Package Reform Directive (EU) 2018/851 – amending the Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) New targets for reuse after collection or recycling: • 55% by weight by 2025, • 60% by 2030, and • 65% by 2035 Minimum operating requirements for EPR • Coverage: costs of separate collection, transport and treatmentdata gathering and reporting • Distribution of the costs: • EPR established before 4/07/18: 50% • EPR established after 4/07/18: 80%
Waste Package Reform Directive (EU) 2018/852- amending the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (94/62/EC) • Member States shall take measures to encourage the increase in the share of reusable packaging • DRS • Qualitative or quantitative targets • Economic incentives • Minimum % of reusable packaging placed on the market every year for each packaging stream • Recycling target for plastic of 50% by 2025 and 55% by 2030
Ports reception facilities Directive • Indirect fee to deliver waste at port • Prohibition on dumping plastic at sea and requirement for criminal penalties • Requirement for fishermen to take all reasonable precautions to avoid losing gear. What this means will be developed by the Commission. • EPR with eco-modulated fees for fishing gear • Reporting requirements for lost fishing gear • Increased inspections of fishing vessels
Single-Use Plastic Directive • Reduction Food containers, cups, cigarette filters • Bans cotton buds, cutlery, plates, straws, beverage stirrers, balloon sticks, EPS food and beverage containers, products made from oxo-degradable plastic • Product requirements Cap attached to bottle, 30% recycled content by 2030 (and 25% by 2025 for PET bottles) • Labelling requirements Sanitary pads, tampons, tampon applicators, wet wipes • EPR covering costs of collection of waste, transport, treatment, clean-up of litter, data gathering and awareness raising (additional to PPWD) (different EPR measures for categories of products) Food containers, Packets and wrappers from flexible material containing food intended for immediate consumption, Beverage containers (bottles and cups), tobacco products with filters (and the filters on their own), Wet wipes, Lightweight plastic carrier bags • Awareness raising measures Food containers, Packets and wrappers from flexible material containing food intended for immediate consumption, Beverage containers (bottles and cups), tobacco products with filters (and the filters on their own), Wet wipes, Lightweight plastic carrier bags, sanitary pads, tampons and tampon applicators • 50% collection and 15% recycling targets for fishing gear (and fishing gear producers to cover the costs of separate collection) • Separate collection 90% separate collection target for plastic bottles by 2029 (77% by 2025)
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