A SAFETY REVIEW OF MOTORCYCLE LANE IN MALAYSIA NORFAIZAH MOHAMAD KHAIDIR ROAD ENGINEERING & ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH CENTER (REER) MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF ROAD SAFETY RESEARCH (MIROS) 23 APRIL 2019 1 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
INTRODUCTI ON 2 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
INTRODUCTION Motorcycle is the most affordable and viable option of transportation in low and middle income countries 1 94.7% Vietnam 2 Myanmar 86.1% 3 84.2% Cambodia 4 82.8% Indonesia 5 77.9% Laos 6 72.4% India 7 Bangladesh 63.9% 8 59.0% Thailand Country 9 Philippines 55.3% 10 Malaysia 46.5% 11 China 38.1% 12 Singapore 14.9% 13 Jepun 13.1% 14 Switzerland 12.1% 15 Korea 9.1% 16 Denmark 6.8% 17 Sweeden 6.2% Australia 18 4.3% UK 19 3.5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Vehicle composition (%) Passenger Car Motorcycle Bus Heavy Vehicle Others 3 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane (Source: WHO, 2015)
INTRODUCTION Registered motorcycle are almost half (47%) of the total registered vehicle Combined with the increasing trend of motorcycle fatalities, motorcycle safety is of high interest Total registered vehicle and motorcycle fatalities 50 4500 Number of registered vehicles (million) 45 2% 4000 Number of motorcycle fatalities 40 3500 13.7 12.90 12.68 35 12.09 11.63 3000 11.04 10.59 30 9.99 2500 9.44 8.94 25 8.49 6% 7.94 2000 7.46 20 7.01 6.57 6.16 28.1 5.84 30.0 1500 5.61 27.6 15 26.3 23.43 25.1 22.59 21.31 20.19 19.02 17.97 1000 16.81 10 14.73 15.8 13.76 12.82 12.07 11.3 500 5 0 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Year Registered Vehicle Registered Motorcycle Motorcyclist Fatalities 4 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane (Source: JPJ & PDRM, 2019)
5 INTRODUCTION Total road fatalities and % of motorcyclist fatalities Economic loss from MC fatalities 68% 8,000 7 Economic loss (RM) 66% 6 66% 7,000 5 Motorcyclist fatalities (%) 4 Road fatalities (number) 64% 6,000 3 6,284 62% 2 5,000 1 60% 0 4,000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 58% 3,000 56% Year 2,000 54% Economic loss from MC fatalities 1,000 52% In 2018, out of 6,284 road fatalities, 4,128 50% 0 fatalities were recorded by motorcyclist and pillion rider Year Approximate of RM5.8 million losses due to % motorcyclists fatalities Road Fatalities motorcycle fatalities only 5 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane (Source: PDRM, 2019)
INTRODUCTION Mixed traffic Non-exclusive Exclusive motorcycle system motorcycle lane lane (EMCL) (NEMCL) ❖ Built separately from the traffic ❖ a part of the traffic ❖ leads to complex carriageway (physical barrier) carriageway, separated with ❖ Lane width: 3.0-3.5 m manoeuvres and non-physical barrier ❖ Reduce crash by 39% interactions ❖ Lane width: 2.0 – 2.5 m ❖ Total length: 262.5 km (< 1% of between road ❖ Total length: 199.2 km users the overall road length) ❖ May reduce crash risk by 80% 6 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
NON-EXCLUSIVE MOTORCYCLE LANE IN MALAYSIA Alor Setar - Pontian – Batu Muar Kelantan Butterworth Pahat 7 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
EXCLUSIVE MOTORCYCLE LANE IN MALAYSIA FR02 KESAS GUTHRIE PUTRAJAYA 8 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
MOTORCYCLE LANE IN OTHER COUNTRIES Suramadu Bridge, Bali Mandara Toll Epifanio Delos Zhongxiao Bridge, Indonesia Road, Indonesia Santos Avenue Taiwan (EDSA), Phillipines 9 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
ISSUES & CHALLENGES OF MOTORCYCLE FACILITIES IN MALAYSIA 3. Various 4. Limited design of extensive egress/ingre study ss 2. Lack of comprehens ive crash data 1. Under- utilisation 10 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
UTILISATION & COMPLIANCE OF Compliance Non-compliance MOTORCYCLE LANE Study conducted in 2016 Misuse 11 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
12 UTILISATION AND COMPLIANCE RATE OF MOTORCYCLE LANE The highest Motorcycle lane utilisation by location volume: 887 (41%) KB-PP • NEMCL= KB- 577 (80%) KT-KTN NEMCL BW-AS 511 (98%) PP 296 (95%) • EMCL = FHW JB-ME(BP) Location PTN-BP 202 (89%) 1515 (0%) SBA Most of NEMCL EMCL 723 (0%) NL-BT compliance rate LDP-PTJ 532 (0%) > 80% except 1333 (65%) KESAS KB-PP (41%) 2689 (72%) FHW 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Compliance rate Number of motorcycle for FHW is 72% Compliance Non-Compliance MC volume per hour (% compliance) & KESAS is 65%. 12 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
MISUSE ( FOR NEMCL ONLY) Number of misuse vehicle by location 100 90 ❖ NEMCL provided along traffic 80 carriageway with non-physical Number of vehicle 70 barrier (road marking). Thus, 60 there are potentials of other 50 vehicle to encroach into the 40 EMCL - Possible conflict is high. 30 20 ❖ The highest misuse 10 ▪ Weekday : KT-KTN 0 PTN-BP JB-ME BW-AS KT-KTN KB-PP ▪ Weekend : BW – AS (BP) ▪ Overall : BW – AS Location Weekday Weekend 13 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
SPEED OF MOTORCYCLE ON MCL & TRAFFIC CARRIAGEWAY 85th percentile speed of motorcycle 120 Exclusive motorcycle lane Non-exclusive motorcycle lane 85th percentile speed (km/h) 100 Speed limit on 90 km/h 80 60 Speed limit 60 km/h 40 20 0 Federal Highway KESAS Batu Pahat - Senggarang Pontian Ayer Baloi Location Motorcycle lane Traffic carriageway The risk posed by motorcycle using the main carriageway is higher due to higher speed and exposed to the other traffic 14 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane mode
SATISFACTION INDEX Study conducted in 2016 15 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
USING AND NOT USING MOTORCYCLE LANE Factors for not using motorcycle lane 50% 45% 40% Percentage (%) Not 30% Using 22% 17% 20% 13% 8% 6% 10% 4% 2% 0% Not safe Influence Distance Time Crowded No MC Others (Crime) lane Using provided Factors 83% Respondent 1. No motorcycle lane provided at their 45 % who not area 22% using MC 2. Motorcycle lane is not safe Total sample: 1,835 Respondent 1. To avoid congestion on the traffic 43 % 312 respondents are not who use carriageway 29 % using motorcycle lane (17%) EMCL 2. Safety purposes Respondent 1. To avoid congestion on the traffic 26 % 16 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane who use carriageway 47 %
PERCENTAGE OF SATISFIED RESPONDENTS Percentage of satisfied respondent (%) ❖ NEMCL Egres Paveme Main- Roadsi • Security attribute has the highest Location Lightin s/ Securit nt tenanc de g ingres y percentage of satisfied respondents surface e safety s (50%) • Pavement surface condition has PNTN-BP 13 50 58 50 56 58 the lowest percentage of satisfied JB-MLKA 33 33 42 33 42 33 respondent (22%) BW-AS 0 24 42 24 24 36 • Butterworth – Alor Setar road has NEMCL KT-KTN 24 18 41 35 44 53 the lowest average score for NEMCL KB-PSR 42 26 58 53 53 68 ❖ EMCL PTH • Roadside safety attribute has the OVERALL 22 30 48 39 44 50 highest percentage of satisfied FHW 2 8 10 3 6 4 respondents (18%) • KESAS 8 13 14 5 10 9 Pavement surface condition has the lowest percentage of satisfied LDP-PTJ 5 9 17 4 9 7 EMCL respondent (3%) NL-BT 0 11 33 11 17 11 • 17 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane Federal Highway has the lowest SBA 0 22 17 11 8 6 average percentage of satisfied
SATISFACTION INDEX Overall Satisfaction 60% Percentage of score (%) 46% • Total number of respondents = 1,835 • Overall satisfaction score for EMCL is 46% while for NEMCL is 60% EMCL NEMCL Motorcycle lane type 18 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
COMMON SAFETY DEFICIENCIES ON NEMCL Pavement surface Misused Parked vehicle Improper termination Faded road marking Water ponding Non-standard lane width 19 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
COMMON SAFETY DEFICIENCIES ON EMCL Pavement surface Dark tunnel Roadside hazard Various design of ingress/egress Horizontal & vertical Rubbish on the lane Unmaintained guardrail Debris alignment 20 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
EGRESS & INGRESS Study conducted in 2017 Ingress Egress Point of entering into EMCL Point of exiting from EMCL EMCL – motorcycle traffic only Main carriageway – mixed traffic vehicle 21 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
TYPES OF EGRESS & INGRESS EMC Directio Egres Ingres L n s s F02 KL – 17 19 Klang Klang – 16 19 Skewed or Y- KL shape access KESA KL – 21 18 S Klang Entry radius < Klang – 15 Presence of 19 than 90 KL auxiliary lane degree, Length > 15m Entry radius < than 90 degree, Length < 15m Entry radius of 90 degree 22 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
23 EGRESS 23 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
24 INGRESS 24 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
25 INGRESS 25 Designing for Safer Two- Wheelers’ Lane
Recommend
More recommend
