‘Land Bank’ i ‘Land Bank’ in T n Thai hailand and 8 th th FMIST inte ternati tional Seminar Himalaya Hote tel, Kath thmandu du, Ne Nepa pal 6-7 Ma 6-7 May 2019 y 2019 Jitti tti Mongk gkolnch chaiarunya, Ph Ph.D. Dean, Pu Dean, Puey Ungph gphakorn Sch chool of Developm pment t Stu tudi dies s Thammasat University, and Inte terim Pr Presi side dent, t, Land d Bank Adm dministr strati tion Insti stitu tute te (pu publ blic c orga ganizati tion) Prime Minister Office
Land d use ses s in Thailand § Tota tal land d area 51.3 mi million ha. on ha. § Forest reserves 17.1 million ha. § Agricultural land 24.0 million ha. (4.8 million ha. is irrigated (20%) § Other uses 10.2 million ha. 2 �
Land rel Land related probl ated problems ems - Land d gr grabbi bbing g and d hoardi ding g by ‘rich ch’ pe peopl ple - Forests sts and d pu publ blic c land d encr croach chment t - Loss ss of land d (inabi bility to to repa pay loan & land d sa sale) and d lack ck of land d - Unde deruti tilized d land d & Misu suse se of agr gricu cultu tural land d - Overlappi pping g be betw tween pr private te and d sta state te land d - - Disse sseizin ca cause sed d by pu publ blic c & pr private te de developm pment t pr projects cts 3 �
Sta tati tisti stics cs on land d loss ss Nu Numbe ber of sm small farm HHS th that t has s acce ccess ss to to agr gri. land d (in thousand) 1200 1000 800 600 1052 908 839 400 484 200 0 Ye Year 2549 2550 2552 2554 2006 2006 2007 2007 2009 2009 2011 2011 Source : Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board 5 �
Most st Thai farmers s lack ck land d use se se secu curity ty Ha Have own wn la land � (28%) � (28%) Ø 52% of farmers s rent t lands ds rent t for farming g pr produ ducti ction (52%) (52%) � Ø 20% of farmers s mortga tgage ge lands ds to to money lende ders, s, risk sk mortga tgage ge (20%) � (20%) to loose to se it t (almost st 4.8 million Ha.) source: Agricultural Economics Office and Farmers’ Reconstruction and Development Fund, 2015 6 �
Transf sformati tion of land d ownersh ship p from farmers s to to rich ch pe peopl ple cr create tes s inequ quality ty pr probl blem Perce centa tage ge Deci cile More than 80% Source : Duangmanee Laohakul (2013) � 7 �
Vi Vici cious cy ous cycl cle on l e on land tenure & po and tenure & povert erty y Farming Indebtedness problems Urban migration Need for Loss of land Mortgage or cash /house Sell land Forest encroachment Govt. t. pr provide des s land d to to sm small farmers s & po poor pe peopl ple Pr Private te lands ds have be been ta taken by th the ‘Rich ch’ 8 �
Land l Land loss effects decl oss effects declini ning of agri ng of agricul cultur tural al l land and u O.8 million ha. (out of 4.8 million ha.) of irrigated land has been misused, not for farming but for building factories, resorts, housing estates. This number is growing over time. More than 50% of reformed agricultural land (altogether 5.54 million ha.) provided to farmers has been sold to non-farmers 9 �
State interv State i nterventi entions agai ons against l nst land probl and problems ems u Land Cooperatives (since 1935) DCP bought land /or used deteriorated forest area to distribute them to small farmers through lease or by hire purchase basis : 86 cooperatives with 193,420 members u Land Settlement Schemes (since 1940) DSDW used deteriorated forest area for resettling farm communities for small farmers/poor people. Comprehensive supports delivered. : 43 schemes with 280,781 members (members must pay back partial investment cost before receiving land title deeds) u Land Reform Program (since 1954) LRO used deteriorated forest area or purchased land to allocate to small farmers. 2,863,475 members in 72 provinces(land cannot be sold but 50% of 5.5 mil. ha. of land has been sold to non-farmers) 10 �
After the land title deeds were granted to farme mers & poor people, ma many land plots (if not mo most) have been sold out to non-farme mers, especially rich people in cities. The big land holding persons get mo more land, while those with sma mall land have less land or no mo more land. Acc Accor ording t to CS o CS Gl Glob obal W Wea ealth R Rep epor ort 2 2018, Thailand ranks numb mber one in terms ms of highest inequality. 1% % of its population owns 66.9% % of national wealth.
What does the go What does the government w ernment want !!!! ant !!!! u Redu duce ce inequ quality and d incr crease se qu quality of life of th those se who are in need. d. u Ne New mode del to to help p th the landl dless ss or ‘Poor’ pe peopl ple to to ge get t acce ccess ss to to land d (less ss sta state te spendi spe ding g co compa pared d to to pr previous s mode dels) s). u Land d pr provide ded d to to th these se ta targe get t gr groups ps is s not t so sold d (joint t ownersh ship p be betw tween th them and d sta state te (se seek new way) u Redu duce ce exce cessi ssive land d te tenure th through gh pr progr gressi ssive land d ta tax. Inco come from land d ta tax be be use sed d to to bu buy unuse sed d land d from th the ‘Rich ch’ What t do do farmers s need d !!!! u Land d for cu culti tivati tion (go government t su subsi bsidy dy to to pu purch chase se and d let t th them repa pay) u Secu curity on land d th that t ca can be be tr transf sfer to to th their ch childr dren u Suppo pports ts th that t help p th them to to pr produ duce ce, pr proce cess, ss, se sell th their farm pr produ ducts cts 12 �
LABAI Establishment Land d Bank Adm dministr strati tion Insti stitu tute te (LABAI) has s be been esta stabl blish shed d si since ce 2014, to to addr ddress ss land d issu ssues. s. It t aims s to to be be a nati tional mech chanism sm for su susta stainabl ble land d redi distr stribu buti tion to to sm small farmers s and d po poor pe peopl ple. LABAI has s pu publ blic c orga ganizati tion sta statu tus, s, to to avoid d red d ta tape pe bu bureaucr crati tic c sy syste stem. LABAI must st se seek for pr prope per land d ba bank mode del to to be be appr pproved d by ca cabi binet t as s well as s pa parliament. t. Slow pr progr gress: ss: offici cial esta stabl blish shment t in 2014, ope perati tion in 2015, first st land d pu purch chase se in 2016. Ne New rules s and d gu guide delines s have be been de develope ped d bu but t not t co compl plete ted d yet. t. Till now, lega gal arrange gement t for joint t land d ownersh ship p is s sti still pe pendi ding. g.
Public Public pr pressur essure help e helps c s crea eating Land bank ting Land bank Public pressure helps ma making Land bank alive
Objectives Governing board 1) Promote sustainable redistribution of land tenure and creation of Land Bank - President, appointed by cabinet � 2) Serve as match maker between - 4 Ex Officio from 4 ministries � owners of underutilized land and those - 2 representatives from who need land to cultivate community organizations � 3) Purchase private land and make it - 3 experts from relevant fields � Land d Bank possible for small farmers, poor people - LABAI managing director as to access to the land Adm dministr strati tion secretary 4) Promote community based land Insti stitu tute te management through common land title (LABAI) Mandate/Authority Sources of budget 1) Provide land acquisition and land development credit to farmers, poor 1) Seed fund from government ($ 21.6 mil.) people, community organizations, 2) Annual operation budget from govt. groups who are going to loss their land 3) Subsidies from other sources (if any) 2) Promote, support community 4) Income from own business organizations to manage land resource 5) Interest from own capitals 3) Purchase, sell, lend, lease, hire purchase, exchange land etc. 15 �
‘Land d Bank’ co conce cept pt di differentl tly inte terpr prete ted d by multi ti-sta stakeholde ders s a) Land d ba bank : a financi cial mech chanism sm for land d manage gement t b) b) Land d ba bank : a new ente terpr prise se to to se serve go government’s s po policy cy on land d c) c) Land d ba bank : a so soci cial de developm pment t insti stitu tute te to to so solve land d issu ssues ??? ???
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