Lake Creek Instream Flow Study Identifying Key Issues July 2007

Lake Creek – Instream Flow Issues • Review Requests from June Meeting – All species on one graph -Example + handout • Natural Barriers Effect Species Distribution • Spawning Habitat Limited for All Species • Accretion Below Packwood Lake • Opportunity For Solutions

Composite WUA – All Life Stages Lake Creek IFIM: SS1, T1-4 Fish Habitat (WUA) vs. Flow 7,000 300 WUA (Sq. Ft. of Habitat per WUA (Sq. Ft. of Habitat per 6,000 250 1000 Ft. of Stream) 1000 Ft. of Stream) 5,000 200 4,000 150 3,000 100 2,000 50 1,000 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Streamflow in Cubic Feet Per Second Chinook Rearing Coho Rearing Steelhead Rearing Cutthroat Rearing Rainbow Rearing Trout Winter Rearing Chinook Spawning (Rt Scale) Coho Spawning (Rt Scale) Steelhead Spawning (Rt Scale) Cutthroat Spawning (Rt Scale) Rainbow Spawning (Rt Scale)

Fish Distribution • Below RM 1.03 – Steelhead, Chinook, Coho, Rainbow and Cutthroat Trout • Between RM 1.03 and 1.95 – Steelhead, Rainbow Trout • RM 1.95 – 5.4 – Rainbow Trout

Lake Creek Study Sites and Reaches and Fish Distribution 3,500 Drop Structure SS4 SS3 3,000 2,500 Rainbow Elevatio n (ft) Steelhead Barrier Barrier Chinook Coho Cutthroat 2,000 SS2 1,500 SS1 Reach 4 Reach 5 Reach 3 Reach 2 Reach 1 1,000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 RM

Lake Creek Spawning Habitat • Spawning Habitat is Extremely Limited in Lower Lake Creek – Of 34 transects: • 19 have spawning habitat • 15 do not – In the Anadromous Zone (Study Sites 1 & 2) • 4/9 in Study Site 1 have spawning substrate • 3/11 in Study Site 2 have spawning substrate

3000 40% Reach 4 Reach 3 Reach 1 Reach 2 Reach 5 35% 2500 30% Area of gravel in sq. ft. 2000 Stream Gradient 25% 1500 20% ` 15% 1000 1 2 3-2 3-1 4-3 4-2 4-1 10% 500 5% 0 0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 Distance from Mouth (miles) Gravel Log Jams Gradient Gravel Study Sites Tributaries

Gravel in wetted Gravel in bankfull channel channel* Table 3. Area of spawning-sized gravel inventoried in Lake Creek (2005 Inventory) Area (sq ft) Sq Area (sq ft) Sq ft/mile ft/mile River Average Reach Mile Gradient 0-0.7 2.9% 2,775 4,070 2,700 3,960 1 0.7-1.3 7.3% 6,175 11,644 2,375 4,479 2 1.3-3.5 8.0% 22,025 8,946 7,550 3,066 3 3.5-4.9 4.3% 11,635 9,599 7,925 6,538 4 4.9-5.3 8.4% 50 132 0 0 5 0-5.3 6.3% 42,660 8,102 20,550 3,903 Total

Lake Creek Inflow at Each Study Site Study Site SS4 SS3 SS2-T2-8 SS2-T1 SS1-T5-9 SS1-T1-4 Added Drainage Area 0 0.84 4.70 4.76 7.30 7.38 cfs/mile 2 Month Added Flow in cfs per Month at Each Study Site Jan 7.6 0 6.4 35.7 36.2 55.5 56.1 Feb 5.6 0 4.7 26.3 26.7 40.9 41.3 Mar 4.9 0 4.1 23.0 23.3 35.8 36.1 Apr 4.4 0 3.7 20.7 20.9 32.1 32.5 May 3.9 0 3.3 18.3 18.6 28.5 28.8 June 3.3 0 2.8 15.5 15.7 24.1 24.3 July 2.1 0 1.8 9.9 10.0 15.3 15.5 Aug 1.4 0 1.2 6.6 6.7 10.2 10.3 Sept 1.2 0 1.0 5.6 5.7 8.8 8.9 Oct 1.3 0 1.1 6.1 6.2 9.5 9.6 21.4 Nov 2.9 0 2.4 13.6 13.8 21.2 Dec 5.5 0 4.6 25.8 26.2 40.2 40.6 Annual 3.7 0 3.1 17.3 17.5 26.8 27.1

Lake Creek Fish Periodicity Species Lifestage Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Spawning Incubation Spring Chinook Rearing Spawning Incubation Coho Rearing Spawning Incubation Steelhead Rearing Spawning Incubation Cutthroat Trout Rearing Spawning Incubation Rainbow Trout Rearing Based on: John Serl, WDFW Fish Biologist, Cowlitz Falls (May 10, 2007)

Weighted Usable Area • Index of Habitat Quantity – Square feet of habitat/ 1000 linear feet of stream • Does not Indicate the Quality of the Habitat – Small amount of very good habitat • or – Large amount of marginal habitat

Opportunity For Solutions • Focus on Fish Habitat • Create Instream Structure to Retain Spawning Gravel and Add Complexity • Solutions May Include – Habitat Improvements – Flow Levels – Lake Level – Other Solutions

Large Wood per Mile in Wetted Channel 90 80 70 Wood pieces/mile 60 Small 50 Medium 40 Large 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 Reach

Effects of Enhanced Spawning Substrate Analysis Method • Selected potential spawning transects in SS1(T1-3,7,8) & SS4 (T4,6,8,9,11) • Substrate at all stations within the Mid Flow WSE was set to HSI of 0.9 to 1.0 • Remaining transects had original substrate • All transects kept original weighting • Results reflect All transects in SS (not only enhanced)

Transect Weighting for Study Site 1 Transect Transect Description Weighting 1* Glide 16.67% 2* Run 16.67% 3* Low Gradient Cascade/Run 20.83% 4 Plunge Pool Tailout 2.08% 5 Plunge Pool 5.00% 6 Run 16.67% 7* Plunge Pool Tailout 2.08% 8* Low Gradient Cascade/Plunge Pool 15.00% 9 Plunge Pool 5.00% Total 100% * = Transects with enhanced spawning substrate

Transect Weighting, Study Site 4 (Reach 5) Transect Transect Description Percentage 1 Wide Run 8.33% 2 Plunge Pool 8.33% 3 Narrow Run (boulder and cobble) 8.33% 4* Pool (bedrock on sides; cobble/boulder on margins 8.33% 5 Split Channel Glide ((boulder/cobble) 8.33% 6* Run (below plunge pool) 8.33% 7 Split Channel w/lateral pool 12.50% 8* Wide Glide 8.33% 9* Pool Tailout 12.50% 10 Wide Pool 8.33% 11* Riffle (gravel and cobble) 8.33% 100% * = Transects with enhanced substrate

SS1, T2 Bed Profile and Original Spawning Substrate Preference 103.0 1.00 102.5 0.90 102.0 0.80 101.5 0.70 Spawning Preference 101.0 0.60 Elevation (ft) 100.5 0.50 41.0 CFS WSE 100.0 0.40 25.5 CFS WSE 12.5 CFS WSE 99.5 0.30 99.0 0.20 98.5 0.10 98.0 0.00 0 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 27 Station (ft) Chinook/Coho Spawning Substrate Preference Steelhead Spawning Substrate Preference Cutthroat Spawning Substrate Preference Rainbow Spawning Substrate Preference T2 Bed Profile

SS1, T2 Bed Profile and Enhanced Spawning Substrate Preference 103.0 1.00 102.5 0.90 102.0 0.80 101.5 0.70 Spawning Preference 101.0 0.60 Elevation (ft) 100.5 0.50 41.0 CFS WSE 100.0 0.40 25.5 CFS WSE 12.5 CFS WSE 99.5 0.30 99.0 0.20 98.5 0.10 98.0 0.00 0 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 27 Station (ft) Chinook/Coho Spawning Substrate Preference Steelhead Spawning Substrate Preference Cutthroat Spawning Substrate Preference Rainbow Spawning Substrate Preference T2 Bed Profile

Lake Creek Mid Flow - Study Site 1, Transect 2

SS4, T8 Bed Profile and Spawning Preference 104.0 1.00 103.5 0.90 103.0 102.5 0.80 102.0 101.5 0.70 101.0 Spawning Preference 100.5 0.60 Elevation (ft) 100.0 99.5 0.50 99.0 0.40 33.0 CFS WSE 98.5 17.5 CFS WSE 98.0 6.0 CFS WSE 0.30 97.5 97.0 0.20 96.5 96.0 0.10 95.5 95.0 0.00 0.0 1.9 4.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 18.9 20.0 20.8 21.6 22.4 23.2 24.0 24.8 25.6 26.4 27.2 28.0 28.8 29.6 30.4 31.2 32.0 32.8 33.6 34.1 34.9 35.8 Station (ft) Rainbow Spawning Substrate Preference T8 Bed Profile

SS4, T8 Bed Profile and Enhanced Spawning Preference 104.0 1.00 103.5 0.90 103.0 102.5 0.80 102.0 101.5 0.70 101.0 Spawning Preference 100.5 0.60 Elevation (ft) 100.0 99.5 0.50 99.0 0.40 33.0 CFS WSE 98.5 17.5 CFS WSE 98.0 6.0 CFS WSE 0.30 97.5 97.0 0.20 96.5 96.0 0.10 95.5 95.0 0.00 0.0 1.9 4.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 18.9 20.0 20.8 21.6 22.4 23.2 24.0 24.8 25.6 26.4 27.2 28.0 28.8 29.6 30.4 31.2 32.0 32.8 33.6 34.1 34.9 35.8 Station (ft) Rainbow Spawning Substrate Preference T8 Bed Profile

Lake Creek Mid Flow - Study Site 4, Transect 8

Lake Creek IFIM August: Chinook Spawning Habitat (WUA) vs. Flow 6000 WUA (Sq. Ft. of Habitat per 1000 Ft. of 5000 4000 Stream) 3000 2000 1000 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 Streamflow in Cubic Feet Per Second Original 40% Enhanced 60% Enhanced 80% Enhanced 100% Enhanced

Lake Creek IFIM January: Coho Spawning Habitat (WUA) vs. Flow 5,000 4,500 WUA (Sq. Ft. of Habitat per 1000 Ft. of 4,000 3,500 3,000 Stream) 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 Streamflow in Cubic Feet Per Second Original 40% Enhanced 60% Enhanced 80% Enhanced 100% Enhanced

Lake Creek IFIM June: Steelhead Spawning Habitat (WUA) vs. Flow 2,500 WUA (Sq. Ft. of Habitat per 1000 Ft. of 2,000 1,500 Stream) 1,000 500 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 Streamflow in Cubic Feet Per Second Original 40% Enhanced 60% Enhanced 80% Enhanced 100% Enhanced

Lake Creek IFIM May: Rainbow Spawning Habitat (WUA) vs. Flow 1000 900 WUA (Sq. Ft. of Habitat per 1000 Ft. of 800 700 600 Stream) 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 Streamflow in Cubic Feet Per Second Original 40% Enhanced 60% Enhanced 80% Enhanced 100% Enhanced

Lake Creek IFIM February: Cutthroat Spawning Habitat (WUA) vs. Flow 1000 900 WUA (Sq. Ft. of Habitat per 1000 Ft. of 800 700 600 Stream) 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 Streamflow in Cubic Feet Per Second Original 40% Enhanced 60% Enhanced 80% Enhanced 100% Enhanced

Lake Creek Instream Flow Study Identifying Key Issues July 2007 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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