kodesign Chiller med naturlige kuldemedier Armin Hafner Kveldsmte - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Økodesign ‘Chiller’ med naturlige kuldemedier Armin Hafner Kveldsmøte

Introduction • European Directive 2009/125/EC: since2018 chillers with a rated cooling capacity not exceeding 2 MW must fulfill a series of “ecodesign” requirements to be placed on the market and/or put into service • Carbon dioxide (R744) is the an environmentally-friendly refrigerant classified as A1 • R744 is, at least initially, not the first choice for air conditioning or chiller units due to its special thermo-physical properties 2

Aim of the work • This work aims at experimentally proving that R744 chillers can satisfy the ecodesign requirements by recovering part of the available expansion work with the aid of two-phase ejectors. 3

Regulation 2016/2281 • This is the most important executive regulation related to the Ecodesign Directive for comfort chillers • Minimum required seasonal space cooling energy efficiency tier 1 tier 2 Comfort chiller 01.01.2018 01.01.2021 η s,c [%] η s,c [%] Air‐to‐water chillers cooling capacity < 400 kW 149 161 cooling capacity ≥ 400 kW 161 179 Water/brine to water chillers Cooling capacity < 400 kW 196 200 400 kW ≤ cooling capacity < 227 252 1.5 MW 4 cooling capacity ≥ 1.5 MW 245 272

Air-to-water and water/brine-to-water comfort chillers • Rating points for the calculation of the seasonal space cooling energy efficiency (η s,c ) Rating Part Outdoor side heat exchanger Indoor side heat exchanger Comfort Point Load Inlet temp. Outlet temp. Inlet temp. Outlet temp. chiller Ratio [°C] [°C] [°C] [°C] A 100% 35 ‐ 12 7 B 74% 30 ‐ 12 7 Air‐to‐water C 47% 25 ‐ 12 7 D 21% 20 ‐ 12 7 A 100% 30 35 12 7 B 74% 26 ‐ 12 7 Water/brine to water C 47% 22 ‐ 12 7 D 21% 18 ‐ 12 7 5

Air-to-water and water/brine-to-water comfort chillers(2) • European cooling season for comfort chillers and air conditioner T amb t annum EER η load T amb t annum EER η load Point Point [°C] [h] calculation [°C] [h] calculation [%] [%] 1 +17 205 EER (D) 21 13 +29 88 Linear interpolation 68.6 2 +18 227 EER (D) 21 14 +30 63 B ‐ measured value 74 3 +19 225 EER (D) 21 15 +31 39 Linear interpolation 79.2 4 +20 225 D ‐ measured value 21 16 +32 31 Linear interpolation 84.4 5 +21 216 Linear interpolation 26.2 17 +33 24 Linear interpolation 89.6 6 +22 215 Linear interpolation 31.4 18 +34 17 Linear interpolation 94.8 7 +23 218 Linear interpolation 36.6 19 +35 13 A ‐ measured value 100 8 +24 197 Linear interpolation 41.8 20 +36 9 EER (A) 100 9 +25 178 C ‐ measured value 47 21 +37 4 EER (A) 100 10 +26 158 Linear interpolation 52.4 22 +38 3 EER (A) 100 11 +27 137 Linear interpolation 57.8 23 +39 1 EER (A) 100 12 +28 109 Linear interpolation 63.2 24 +40 0 EER (A) 100 6

Experimental setup Super‐Smart Facility, sponsored by Advansor 7

Experimental setup: Active (used) parts • Two inverter controlled compressors • GC 1 (glycol cooled) and GC 2 (water cooled) are used, while GC 3 is bypassed • EJ AC indicates a multi-ejector block designed for high entrainment ratio and low pressure lift • EVAP AC,1 indicates a plate heat exchanger evaporator whose heat load is provided by an auxiliary glycol loop 8

Test procedure • Test conditions -> set-points Part Outdoor side heat exchanger Indoor side heat Rating Point Load exchanger Comfort Ratio Condensat High Gas cooler outlet Evaporation temp. chiller ion pressure temp. [°C] [°C] temp. [°C] [bar abs ] A 100% ‐ over 74 +37 +6 B 74% ‐ over 74 +31 +6 Air‐to‐ water C 47% +30 71 +26 +6 D 21% +25 64 +21 +6 A 100% ‐ over 74 +32 +6 Water/ B 74% +29.5 70.3 +28 +6 brine C 47% +25.5 64.5 +24 +6 to water D 21% +21.5 59 +20 +6 9

Test results • Conditions as measured Rating Part Outdoor side heat exchanger Indoor side heat Point Load exchanger Comfort Ratio Condens High Gas cooler outlet Evaporation chiller ation pressure temp. [°C] temp. temp. [bar abs ] [°C] [°C] A 100% ‐ 89.8 +37.1 +6 Air‐to‐ B 74% ‐ 79.8 +31.3 +5.9 water C 47% +30.6 72.8 +26.1 +6 D 21% +23.8 62.1 +21.1 +5.9 A 100% ‐ 80.5 +32.3 +5.9 Water/br B 74% +29.3 70.0 +28.2 +5.6 ine‐ C 47% +25.4 64.3 +24.2 +5.4 to‐water D 21% +22.2 60.0 +20.3 +6 10

Results Part Cooling Power Comfort Rating EER T in,gl T out,gl Load capacity consumpti chiller Point [‐] [°C] [°C] Ratio [kW] on [kW] A 100% 53.2 18.2 2.9 +17.4 +11.3 Air‐to‐ B 74% 39.5 10.7 3.7 +15.2 +10.1 water C 47% 25.1 5.2 4.8 +11.5 +8.5 D 21% 11.2 2 5.6 +10.5 +8.3 A 100% 53.3 15.2 3.5 +16.1 +9.1 Water/bri B 74% 39.5 9.0 4.4 +21.0 +7.9 ne‐ C 47% 25.1 4.6 5.4 +15.9 +7.0 to‐water D 21% 11.2 1.9 5.9 +9.8 +7.3 11

Results(2) • Most of the test conditions are very close to the required one • The resulting glycol inlet and outlet temperatures are not even close to the required conditions: – This is due to the fact that the used plate heat exchanger is not designed to handle the required load at these temperature differences (the focus of study is to achieve the required cooling capacity) 12

Results(3): Air-to-water chillers 200 efficiency of cooling products [%] Seasonal space cooling energy 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Minimum value from 1 January 2018 Minimum value from 1 January 2021 Obtained value 13

Results(4): Air-to-water chillers 25,0 +21,7% Percentage above minimum Seasonal space cooling energy efficiency of 20,0 cooling products [%] +12,7% 15,0 10,0 5,0 0,0 Minimum value from 1 January 2018 Minimum value from 1 January 2021 14

Results(5): Water/brine to water chillers 225 efficiency of cooling products [%] Seasonal space cooling energy 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 Minimum value from 1 January 2018 Minimum value from 1 January 2021 Obtained value 15

Results(6): Water/brine to water chillers 10,0 Percentage above minimum Seasonal 9,0 space cooling energy efficiency of 8,0 7,0 cooling products [%] 6,0 5,0 +3,7% 4,0 3,0 +1,6% 2,0 1,0 0,0 16 Minimum value from 1 January 2018 Minimum value from 1 January 2021

Sammendrag • Det er mulig å produsere CO 2 chillere som oppfyller økodesign kravene også etter 2021. 17

Other supplier delivering units with natural working fluids

Eksempler fra Frigo Plus 19

Unit #1 20

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Unit #2 22

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Unit #3 24

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Eksempler fra Frigo Plus 26

Ecodesing Directive 2009/125/EC www.frigo‐plus.hr v.1

28 Ecodesign directive –what is it ? • Framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products • For chillers ecodesign directive is implemented through 2 main Commission regulation: • 1. Commission Regularion (EU) 2015/1095 - implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for professional refrigerated storage cabinets, blast cabinets, condensing units and process chillers • 2. Commision Regulation (EU) 2016/2281 - implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products, with regard to ecodesign requirements for air heating products, cooling products, high temperature process chillers and fan coil units

29 Energy-related products Process chiller Comfort chiller SEPR (*) SEER (**) (EU) (EU) (EU) 2015/1095 2016/2281 2016/2281 LT regime HT regime HT regime -25 °C +7 °C +7 °C MT regime -8 °C (*) SEPR - seasonal energy performance ratio (**) SEER - seasonal energy efficiency ratio

30 COMFORT CHILLER - SEER First tier minimum seasonal space cooling energy efficiency of comfort chillers, expressed in % (From 1 January 2018) Rated cooling Unit type Min. η s,c (SEER) capacity, [kW] < 400 149 AW chiller ≥ 400 161 < 400 196 WW chiller ≥ 400 and < 1500 227 ≥ 1500 245

31 COMFORT CHILLER - SEER Second tier minimum seasonal space cooling energy efficiency of comfort chillers, expressed in % (From 1 January 2021) Rated cooling Unit type Min. η s,c (SEER) capacity, [kW] < 400 161 AW chiller ≥ 400 179 < 400 200 WW chiller ≥ 400 and < 1500 252 ≥ 1500 272

32 HIGH TEMPERATURE PROCESS CHILLER - SEPR First tier seasonal energy performance ratio of high temperature process chillers (From 1 January 2018) Rated cooling Unit type Min. SEPR value capacity, [kW] < 400 4,5 AW chiller ≥ 400 5,0 < 400 6,5 WW chiller ≥ 400 and < 1500 7,5 ≥ 1500 8,0

33 HIGH TEMPERATURE PROCESS CHILLER - SEPR S econd tier seasonal energy performance ratio of high temperature process chillers (From 1 January 2021) Rated cooling Unit type Min. SEPR value capacity, [kW] < 400 5,0 AW chiller ≥ 400 5,5 < 400 7,0 WW chiller ≥ 400 and < 1500 8,0 ≥ 1500 8,5