28/05/2014 Issues and challenges for the Pacific and global food security in coastal fisheries of the region Presentation to the United Nations Open ‐ ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea Fifteenth meeting: " The role of seafood in global food security " 27 to 30 May 2014 Key Fundamental Questions • What is importance of coastal seafood to food security? • How much coastal seafood will be needed? • What can we do about it? 1
28/05/2014 Importance to Food Security Food security means – “ that all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and preferences for an active and healthy life “ – World Food Summit (1996) Coastal Fisheries Oceanic Fisheries Coastal fisheries 160,000 mt 2012 tuna catch of 2.6 – USD 320 ‐ 500 million million mt – USD 7.2 billion. Role of the coastal fisheries in Pacific Food Security Fish is a corner stone of food Aver. Annual per Capita Fish product Consumption (kg/yr/person) security; Average annual consumption 160 140 Melanesia, 30 – 118 kg/person; 120 Micronesia, 62 – 115 kg/person; 100 Polynesia, 50 – 146 kg/person 80 Most fish (includes finfish & 60 Invertebrates) used for food 40 comes from coastal waters ; 20 In some larger islands, particular 0 in land PNG freshwater fisheries also contribute to food security 2
28/05/2014 Subsistence Vs. Commercial Coastal Fisheries Est. Annual Production Est. Annual Production Value 120,000,000 80,000 70,000 100,000,000 60,000 80,000,000 50,000 60,000,000 40,000 30,000 40,000,000 20,000 20,000,000 10,000 0 0 Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia Subsistence (tonnes) Commercial (tonnes) Subsistence Value (USD) Commercial Value (USD) Estimated demand 3
28/05/2014 Role of the coastal fisheries in Global Food Security • Most of the world’s fisheries are fully – or over exploited; • Creation of “push/pull” situation; • Marine resources in the Pacific region is becoming increasingly attractive and highly valued; • Current exports of coastal fisheries resources to meet global food security includes; sea cucumber, spiny lobster, and high ‐ valued finfish such as deep water snapper Issues & Challenges 1. Status of Stock & Production Sea cucumber stock status 1971 ‐ 2011 Fully exploited or over fished state; Coastal fisheries production will not expand in future; Coastal fisheries production will decline and the situation will become worse in the future. 4
28/05/2014 Issues & Challenges 2. Population Growth Significant population growth forecast for both within and outside the Pacific region; Growing gap between Coastal fisheries production and demand for fish, Decline in fish accessible food security due to over fishing and habitat destruction Issues & Challenges 3. Patterns of Economic Development Economies of most Pacific Island Countries will not be in very good shape; Many people without jobs seeking income and food security from harvesting of coastal fisheries; Willingness to compromise tomorrow’s sustainability for today’s food security and income 5
28/05/2014 Issues & Challenges 4. Climate change Coastal and oceanic fisheries of the pacific region will be equally subjected to direct and indirect effects of climate change; Progressive reductions in coastal fisheries productivity What can we do about it? Poorly ‐ managed fisheries a) Fish needed by growing population Fish habitat fish/habitat Fish available from Fish available from coastal stocks stocks Quantity of Gap in supply of fish to Time be filled with tuna and freshwater fisheries Well ‐ managed fisheries b) Fish needed by growing population Fish habitat Fish available from fish/habitat stocks Fish available from coastal stocks Quantity of Time 6
28/05/2014 Solutions 1. Effective Fisheries Management Preserve existing welfare benefits through effective fisheries management Evaluation of the economic implications of management options Solutions 2. Access to Fish Oceanic fish to compensate the declining food resources from coastal fisheries; Low ‐ cost inshore Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs); Pond Aquaculture; Small Pelagic fish species 7
28/05/2014 Conclusion Coastal fisheries resources will not be able to meet food security demand from growing populations; Need to establish food security policies to protect coastal fisheries recourses to allow for the continuing flow of coastal seafood; Develop measures that will help reduce fishing effort of coastal fisheries resources to a level where the productivity of a fishery is not greatly depleted but is sustainable; Use more of the oceanic fish for domestic consumption to compensate the declining food resources from coastal fisheries; and, Alternative sources of fish for food include, small scale tuna fishing around FADs, aquaculture, and small pelagic fishery. Thank you 8
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