IP IPSec ( ) 13 Network - PDF document

IP ﻨﻣاﻴﺖ IPSec ( ) ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﻞﺼﻓ 13 بﺎﺘﻛ زا Network Security, Principles and Practice,2nd Ed. ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﺶﻳاﺮﻳو : ﺎﺿر ﺪﻴﻤﺣيرﺎﻳﺮﻬﺷ http://www.fata.ir http://mehr.sharif.edu/~shahriari �� ١ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ � ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ IPSec � يرﺎﻤﻌﻣ IPSec � يﺎﻫ ﺲﻳوﺮﺳ SA � ﻨﻣا ﻊﻤﺠﻣﻴﺘﻲ ) ( � ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺎﻫيﻪﺘﺴﺑ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺎﻫ AH � ESP � SA ﺎﻫ � ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ � ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ �� ٢

TCP/IP ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ - زاﻲﻟﺎﺜﻣ �� ٣ IPV4 ٤ Sharif Network Security Center

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ � دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﻲﺘﻴﻨﻣا يﺎﻫ ﻞﺣ هار ) نﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ( PGP S/MIME � : ﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﺖﺴﭘ ﺖﻴﻨﻣا و Kerberos � : ﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻨﻣا - راﺰﮔرﺎﻛ ) زاﺮﺣاﺖﻳﻮﻫ ( SSL � : دﺎﺠﻳا ﻚﻳردﻦﻣا لﺎﻧﺎﻛ بو IP � ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺖﻴﻨﻣا ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ IP � يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻲﮕﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ � ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ هﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ وهﺪﻨﺘﺳﺮﻓ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ �� ٥ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ IPSec � زا يا ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻞﻜﺗوﺮﭘ ﻚﻳ يﺎﻬﻤﺘﻳرﻮﮕﻟا ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﺑﻮﭼرﺎﭼ وﻲﺘﻴﻨﻣا دﺮﻛ راﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻣا طﺎﺒﺗرا نآ . IPSec � ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﻲﺘﻴﻨﻣا يﺎﻬﺴﻳوﺮﺳ � ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻳﻮﻫﻲ ) ﺎﻫهداد ﺖﻴﻌﻣﺎﺟ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ( � ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻲﮕﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ � ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ) ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻦﻣا لدﺎﺒﺗ ( �� ٦

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ IPSec � يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ VPN � دﺎﺠﻳا ياﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻌﺷ ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨﻳا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ � ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ناﺪﻨﻣرﺎﻛ ﻦﻣا ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨﻳا � نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻣا طﺎﺒﺗرا نﺎﻜﻣا � ﺑﻪياﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﻴﻨﻣا تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ندروآ دﻮﺟو ﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﺮﮕﻳد ي ) ترﺎﺠﺗ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻚﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ( �� ٧ IPSec ٨ Sharif Network Security Center

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ IPSec � زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يﺎﻳاﺰﻣ LAN � جرﺎﺧ وﻞﺧاد ﻦﻴﺑ يﻮﻗ ﺖﻴﻨﻣا ﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗ رد يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻜﺑ ترﻮﺻ رد Firewall ﺎﻫ ( وﺎﻬﺑﺎﻴﻫار ظﺎﻔﺣ ﺎﻫ ) � ﻲﻳﺎﻬﺘﻧا طﺎﻘﻧ رد يرﺎﮕﻧﺰﻣر رﺎﺑﺮﺳ مﺪﻋ � ناﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺖﻴﻓﺎﻔﺷ � ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﻻ يدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﻳد زا ﺖﻴﻓﺎﻔﺷ � ﺧاد ﻪﺑ جرﺎﺧ زا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻣا طﺎﺒﺗرا دﺎﺠﻳا ﻞ �� ٩ رﺎﻤﻌﻣي :IPSec ﺎﻬﻴﮔﮋﻳو � ﺎﻬﻴﮔﮋﻳو � ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ياراد IPv4 IPv6 رد يرﺎﻴﺘﺧا و � رد ﻲﻣاﺰﻟا � ﺮﻳز دراﻮﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ رد : IP هدﺎﻴﭘ Header IPSec ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﺳ رد ) � ﻞﻜﺗوﺮﭘ ( ﻲﻠﺻا ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﺳ زا ﺪﻌﺑ وﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ يزﺎﺳ IPSec ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﺳد ﺮﻳز ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ وهدﻮﺑ ﻢﻴﺠﺣ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ : � تاﺪﺘﺴﻣ Architecture � (ESP) Encapsulating Security Payload : يرﺎﮕﻧﺰﻣر � ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ) يرﺎﻴﺘﺧا ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ زاﺮﺣا ( � (AH) Authentication Header : ﺎﻫﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ � ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ : ﺎﻫﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻦﻣا لدﺎﺒﺗ � ﻢﺘﻳرﻮﮕﻟا ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ويرﺎﮕﻧﺰﻣر يﺎﻫ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ �� ١٠

رﺎﻤﻌﻣي :IPSec ﺎﻫﺲﻳوﺮﺳ IPSec � هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا يﺎﻫ ﺲﻳوﺮﺳ : ﻲﻣ ﺎﻬﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻪﺑ ار نﺎﻜﻣا ﻦﻳا ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺗوﺮﭘ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻫد،يﺎﻬﺴﻳوﺮﺳ ﻪﺋارا ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ يﺎﻫﺪﻴﻠﻛ وﺎﻬﻤﺘﻳرﻮﮕﻟا ﺪﻨﻨﻛ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ار ﺮﻳز � ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳد لﺮﺘﻨﻛ Connectionless � ﻤﻀﺗﻴﻦردﺎﻫ هداد ﺖﻴﻣﺎﻤﺗ طﺎﺒﺗرا Data Origin � ﺎﻫ هداد ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ زاﺮﺣا ) ( Replay � ﺨﺸﺗﻴﺺهﺪﺷ لﺎﺳرا هرﺎﺑود يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ در و ) Attack ( � ﻲﮕﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺎﻫ � ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﺗ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﮕﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ �� ١١ رﺎﻤﻌﻣي :IPSec ﺎﻫﺲﻳوﺮﺳ ١٢ Sharif Network Security Center

رﺎﻤﻌﻣي :IPSec Association Security Security Association � ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ : ﻲﺘﻴﻨﻣا ﻊﻤﺠﻣ ) ( ﻚﻳمﻮﻬﻔﻣ IP ﻪﻄﺑار ﻚﻳ وهدﻮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﮕﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ وﺖﻳﻮﻫ زاﺮﺣا يﺎﻬﻣﺰﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ رد يﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻚﻳﻪﻓﺮﻃ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ دﺎﺠﻳا ﻪﺘﺴﺑ هﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ وهﺪﻨﺘﺳﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ . TCP ﺖﺳا Connection IP لدﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ SA � رد رد �� ١٣ رﺎﻤﻌﻣي :IPSec Association Security ﺎﻬﻴﮔﮋﻳو : SA ﺎﺑﺎﺘﻜﻳ ترﻮﺼﺑ 3 دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ : � ﻚﻳ SPI Security Parameters Index � : ﻲﺘﻴﺑ ﻪﺘﺷر ﻚﻳ ( ) SA ﻪﺑهﺪﺷ هداد ﺖﺒﺴﻧ SA IP Destination Address : ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ سردآ � AH ﺎﻳ SA ﻪﺑ Security Protocol Identifier � : ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ESP �� ١٤

رﺎﻤﻌﻣي :IPSec Association Security SA � �� Sequence Number Counter � Sequence Counter Overflow � Anti Replay Windows � AH Information � ESP Information � SA Lifetime � IPSec Protocol Mode � Maximum Transmission Unit � �� ١٥ رﺎﻤﻌﻣي :IPSec ﺎﻬﺘﻟﺎﺣ يﻪﺘﺴﺑ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺎﻫ ESP AH و � ﺮﻫ رديود دراد دﻮﺟو لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ود : � لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺖﻟﺎﺣ (Transport Mode) IP � دﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ يور ﺎﻬﻨﺗ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ،ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﺳ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ نوﺪﺑ � ﻞﻧﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ (Tunnel Mode) Payload IP ( وندﺎﺘﺳﺮﻓ ﻪﺑﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ) ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﺳ + � ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻞﻛ يور تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ �� ١٦

رﺎﻤﻌﻣي :IPSec ﺎﻬﺘﻟﺎﺣ يﻪﺘﺴﺑ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺎﻫ � لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺖﻟﺎﺣ end-to-end � يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ رد ﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻧا ) ( راﺰﮔرﺎﻛ ﻞﺜﻣ / رﺎﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﻣﻲدﻮﺷ Payload ESP � : يرﺎﮕﻧﺰﻣر ) يروﺮﺿ ( ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ و ) ايرﺎﻴﺘﺧ ( ﻪﺘﺴﺑ Payload AH � ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا يﺎﻬﺘﻤﺴﻗ وﻪﺘﺴﺑ هﺪﻨﻳآﺮﺳ : ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ �� ١٧ رﺎﻤﻌﻣي :IPSec �� ﻞﻧﻮﺗ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ Gateway Gateway � رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻪﺑ router � ﭻﻴﻫﺴﻣﻴﺮﻳبﺎ ) ( ﻲﻠﺧاد ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﺳ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ �� ١٨

Functionality of Modes ١٩ Sharif Network Security Center Authentication Header (AH) Authentication Header � IP � يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ زاﺮﺣا وﺖﻴﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗ MAC � ﺖﻴﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺲﻳوﺮﺳ ﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗ هداد ﺎﻫزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ HMAC-SHA-1-96 HMAC-MD5-96 ﺎﻳ � � ﻚﻳ يور ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻓﺮﻃ ﻠﻛﻴﺪكﺮﺘﺸﻣ نرﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺪﻧراد �� ٢٠

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