Introduction to IMUNC 2013 Young Diplomats Society 2013
The UN and its functions
United Nations An international organization � Founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League � of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue Aims are: facilitating cooperation in international law, � international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace 193 member states since 2011 (out of 196 countries in the � world)
United Nations United Nations General Security Human Rights World Health Eco-soc World Bank Secretariat Assembly Council Council Organisation
UN secretariat � Administrative organ of the UN � In an MUN conference, this is the organizing committee � Lead by the UN Secretary General, currently Ban Ki- Moon � supports the other UN bodies administratively, e.g. in the organization of conferences, writing reports and studies, and the preparation of the budget-plan
General Assembly Deliberative assembly of all UN member states � Each state has one vote � May resolve non-compulsory recommendations to states, or � suggestions to the UNSC Decides on the admission of new members proposed by � UNSC Elects the non-permanent members of the UNSC, all � members of ECOSOC, on the proposal of the UNSC the UN Secretary General, and the 15 judges of the ICJ
Security Council Responsible for the maintenance of international peace and � security the most powerful organ of the UN, as it may adopt � compulsory resolutions includes peacekeeping and peace enforcement missions, as � well as non-military pressure mediums, such as trade embargos 15 members- 5 permanent members (P5) and 10 elected � members Elected members stay for a term of one year �
Security Council Permanent Members Elected Members Azerbaijan USA Argentina UK Australia China Guatemala Republic of Korea Russia Morocco France Pakistan Luxembourg Rwanda Togo
Security Council � P5 nations have veto power over resolutions � If any of these states vote against the resolution, the resolution will fail regardless of the total number of votes
Economic and social council � Responsible for cooperation between states on economic and social fields (e.g. raising the general standard of living, solve economic, social and health problems, promotion of human rights) � Coordinates the cooperation with the numerous specialized agencies of the United Nations � Has 54 members, who are elected by the UN General Assembly to serve staggered three-year mandates
Human Rights Council � Inter-governmental body within the UN � Deals with breaches with regards to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) � Deals with issues like the provisions for fundamental conditions
World Bank International Financial Institution � Largest Funder: USA � Created at the end of the Bretton Woods Conference � ( conversion of gold as standard currency to USD as well as to fix exchange rates) Aim of Reduction of Global Poverty � Provides loans to LEDCs at low interest rates � Delegates in this council have varying amount of votes � especially if you belong to USA, etc. Please refer to the Protocol and Procedures booklet for more information
World Health Organisation � Health Arm of the UN � Established on the 7 th April 1948 � Deals with International Public Health � Objective of “attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health”
Research What should be included in your research: � Your country’s stance to the issue • How the issue relates to/affects your country • Your country’s existing policies regarding the issue • Causes of the issue • Consequences of the issue • Possible solutions to the issue • Other delegate’s stances (this is important if you are trying for awards) •
Protocol and Procedure
Introductory speeches � Before discussing each of the primary and secondary issues � Opening speeches should contain delegates’ stance towards the issue currently being discussed and possible solution � No Contentions
Open Debate on the issue � After introductory speeches, the session will move into open debate on the issue � The Chair will set a Speakers’ List � Delegates may raise their placards to be added � The order is at the discretion of the chairs
Moderated Caucus � Delegates speak on a particular topic relevant to the issue being discussed � Used to focus the debate on a particular aspect of the issue
Unmoderated Caucus � Time where delegates are free to move around the council venue and hold conversations with other delegates � Used to find delegates with similar stances to form alliances, discuss debate strategies, formulating resolutions � The delegate which motioned for the unmoderated caucus would have to go up to the podium at the end to summarise the happenings.
Speeches � The Chairs will regulate the speaking time for all speeches � Time limit of 2 minutes � If the speaker exceeds his time limit, the Chair will ask the delegate to stop � Speeches should not involve direct attacks on any delegate or his country
Yields At the end of every speech, delegates are required to yield their time to � one of the following 3 ways: Yield back to the chair: Any leftover time is nullified and the speaker 1. will return to his seat, allowing for the next speaker to speak Yield to Points Of Information (POIs): Questions from any other 2. delegates in the house, given that there is enough time remaining. Delegates could opt to open himself up to: A given number of POIs any and all POIs, or direct a POI to a particular delegate (essentially challenging the delegate) Yields to another delegate: The speaker’s remaining time will be added 3. to another delegate from the house. (A minimum of 30 seconds to one minute is required, at the chairs discretion)
Prior to Introduction of Resolution � The Resolution should contain a minimum amount of signatories (depending on councils), and maximum 2 co- submitters. Refer to the handout for more information � The delegate will pass a soft copy of the Resolution to the Chair, which would then be evaluated and subjected to approval before being sent for printing � A copy of the Resolution will be distributed to all delegates via soft copy
Introduction of Resolution � When the Main-Submitter wishes to introduce his Resolution, he will motion for the introduction of the Resolution � Requires >50% majority of the council to pass � The Main-Submitter will be called upon by the Chair to read out all the operative clauses of the Resolution
Debate on the Resolution After the Main-Submitter has finished reading out the main operative � clauses, the council will move into Debate on the Resolution The Chair will open up a Speakers’ List “For” and “Against” the � resolution, as well as set a time limit The speakers list for would start first � The Main-Submitter is required to speak FOR his resolution � Co-Submitters are highly encouraged to do so and will be called upon � by the chairs should there be a lack of speakers
Open Debate on the Resolution � Once time for Closed Debate has elapsed, the council will move into Open Debate on the Resolution � The Chair will open up a Speakers’ List, as well as set a time limit � During Open Debate, motions for Moderated/Unmoderated Caucuses and Introduction of Amendments are in order � Open Debate continues until time has elapsed � Delegates could speak for or against the resolution
Amendments � During Open Debate on the Resolutions, delegates may want to introduce amendments to the Resolution � Can involve: 1. Striking out clauses 2. Changing the content of existing clauses 3. Adding new clauses � 2 types of amendments: 1. Friendly Amendments 2. Unfriendly Amendments
Friendly Amendments � An amendment which the Main-Submitter and all Co- Submitters agree with � Requires signatures of the Main-Submitter and ALL Co- Submitters � Automatically included in Resolution; No voting required
Unfriendly Amendments � Amendment proposed by a non-submitter of the resolution � Requires debate for and against � Requires a 2/3 majority to pass.
Voting on Resolution Once time for Open Debate on the Resolution has elapsed, the � council will move into voting on the Resolution as a whole All delegates are required to vote “FOR”, “AGAINST” or “ABSTAIN” � During this time, a motion to divide the house is in order should there � be abstentions ( the number has to be substantia) Resolutions required a 2/3 majority of the council in order to pass � If resolution fails, the council will move back into Open Debate on the � issue until another resolution is introduced If resolution passes, the council will move into the next resolution/ � next issue
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