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Introduction to Gnuplot Bob Dowling University Computing Service - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Introduction to Gnuplot Bob Dowling University Computing Service Course aims Simple graphs 2D Plotting data Scripted process No manual work What the course won't cover Gnuplot can Gnuplot can't 3D plots Manual

  1. Introduction to Gnuplot Bob Dowling University Computing Service

  2. Course aims ● Simple graphs ● 2D ● Plotting data ● Scripted process ● No manual work

  3. What the course won't cover Gnuplot can Gnuplot can't ● 3D plots ● Manual artistry ● Plotting functions ● Polar graphs ● Histograms

  4. What the course will cover ● Course contents 1.Introduction ● Command line 2.Part one ● Viewing tool 3.Break – eog 4.Part two – “Eye of Gnome” 5.Questions

  5. What the course will cover ● Driving Gnuplot 1.Introduction ● Basic settings 2.Part one ● Size 3.Break ● Ranges of values 4.Part two ● Tick marks 5.Questions

  6. What the course will cover ● Multiple graphs 1.Introduction ● Colours 2.Part one ● Labels 3.Break ● Frills 4.Part two 5.Questions

  7. What the course will cover 1.Introduction 2.Part one 3.Break 4.Part two 5.Questions

  8. Terminal ● Command line ● Gnome terminal ● Applications menu

  9. Set up some files ● “Playground” ● Input files ● Gnuplot files ● Output files > /ux/Lessons/Gnuplot/setup Directory /home/ y500 /gnuplot created. > cd ~/gnuplot

  10. Test you can display graphics > eog example01.png Select image window Close or Control-Q

  11. Interactive use of Gnuplot ● Run interactively > gnuplot ● Direct commands G N U P L O T ● Built-in help Version 4.0 … – Not very helpful Terminal type set to 'x11' ● X11 graphics gnuplot> plot "cubic.dat" … gnuplot> quit >

  12. Batch use of Gnuplot ● File of commands > more cubic.gplt ● cubic.gplt plot "cubic.dat" ● Don't need a “quit” ● Just need end of file > gnuplot cubic.dat ● “Flash” of graph >

  13. Change output file format ● Want PNG > more cubic.gplt – P ortable N etwork set terminal png G raphics set output "cubic.png" ● Gnuplot “terminal”: plot "cubic.dat" set terminal png ● Want a file: set output "cubic.png" > gnuplot cubic.gplt ● File names in quotes > eog cubic.png ● Before the plot

  14. A look at the output ● 640×480 pixels ● Series of crosses ● Graph range = data range ● “Ticks” every 0.5 ● No zero axes ● No labels ● Key uses file name ● Red

  15. Problems with the shape Problems: ● Image file 640×480 ● Graph isn't square Want to set: ● Image dimensions ● Graph aspect ratio

  16. Gnuplot commands Image dimensions: set terminal png picsize X Y Image size in pixels

  17. Gnuplot commands Graph aspect ratio: set size ratio - r set size ratio r Graph's aspect ratio Units' aspect ratio e.g. set size ratio +1: e.g. set size ratio - 1:

  18. Next version of graph set terminal png picsize 512 512 set output "cubic.png" set size ratio -1.0 plot "cubic.dat"

  19. Problems with the curve Problem: ● Set of crosses Want to have: ● Set of line segments

  20. Gnuplot commands Curve made of points: set style data points ● “points” may be crosses or other marks Curve made of line segments: set style data lines Curve made of true dots: set style data dots

  21. Next version of graph set terminal png picsize 512 512 set output "cubic.png" set size ratio -1.0 set style data lines plot "cubic.dat"

  22. Problems with the range Problem: ● Graph range = Data range ● [-1.0,+1.0]×[-1.0,+1.0] Want to have: ● Manual setting ● [-1.5,+1.5]×[-1.5,+1.5]

  23. Gnuplot commands Setting range explicitly: set xrange [-1.5:1.5] set yrange [-1.5:1.5] Partial specification: set xrange [*:1.5] data minimum to 1.5 set yrange [-1.5:*] -1.5 to data maximum

  24. Next version of graph … set size ratio -1.0 set style data lines set xrange [-1.5:1.5] set yrange [-1.5:1.5] plot "cubic.dat"

  25. Problems with the graph Problem: ● Ticks every 0.5 ● Ticks from -1.5 to 1.5 Want to have: ● Ticks every 0.25 ● Ticks from -1.0 to 1.0

  26. Gnuplot commands Setting just the tick interval set xtics 0.25 set ytics 0.25 Setting the interval and range set xtics -1.0,0.25,1.0 set ytics -1.0,0.25,1.0

  27. Next version of graph … set xrange [-1.5:1.5] set yrange [-1.5:1.5] set xtics -1.0,0.25,1.0 set ytics -1.0,0.25,1.0 plot "cubic.dat"

  28. Problems with the graph Problem: ● No sub-ticks Want to have: ● Sub-ticks every 0.05 ● 5 sub-ticks to the tick

  29. Gnuplot commands “Minor ticks” ● Number of minor ticks for each major tick set mxtics 5 set mytics 5

  30. Next version of graph … set xtics -1.0,0.25,1.0 set ytics -1.0,0.25,1.0 set mxtics 5 set mytics 5 plot "cubic.dat"

  31. Problems with the graph Problem: ● No axes Want to have: ● Proper axes ● Running through (0,0)

  32. Gnuplot commands Axes through the origin: ● A “zero axis” ● Defaults to being in grey ● Will consider colours later set zeroaxis or set xzeroaxis set yzeroaxis

  33. Next version of graph … set mxtics 5 set mytics 5 set zeroaxis plot "cubic.dat"

  34. Problems with the graph Problem: ● Key in top right ● Key uses file name Want to have: ● Key in top left ● Manually specified key

  35. Gnuplot commands Location of key: ● Only the corners are available set key top left set key bottom right unset key

  36. Gnuplot commands Text for key: ● Option on plot ● “Title” of the data not the whole graph plot "cubic.dat" title "cubes" plot "cubic.dat" notitle

  37. Next version of graph … set xzeroaxis set yzeroaxis set key top left plot "cubic.dat" title "cubes"

  38. Half time exercise ● Fifteen minutes ● Create the graph ● Then have a break lissajou1.dat + lissajou1.gplt  lissajou1.png

  39. Welcome back ● lissajou1.gplt ● Any questions?

  40. Second half ● Introduction ● Multiple graphs ● Part one ● Colours ● Break ● Labels ● Part two ● Titles ● Questions

  41. Compound graph ● Single graph ● Several lines ● Single input file – Several columns ● Multiple input files – Two columns each

  42. Data file # x, x^3, x^5, x^7 -1.000000 -1.000000 -1.000000 -1.000000 -0.990000 -0.970299 -0.950990 -0.932065 … 0.990000 0.970299 0.950990 0.932065 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000

  43. Properties of the data file # x, x^3, x^5, x^7 -1.000000 -1.000000 -1.000000 -1.000000 -0.990000 -0.970299 -0.950990 -0.932065 … ● “#” introduces a comment line ● Ignored by Gnuplot ● Columns separated by whitespace

  44. Gnuplot commands ● Extend the plot command ● Specify the columns to use ● Specify the data files to use ● Comma between curve definitions ● Continue lines with a backslash plot "powers.dat" using 1:2, \ "powers.dat" using 1:3, \ "powers.dat" using 1:4

  45. Problems with the graph Problem: ● Key is very ugly Want to have: ● Our line names

  46. Gnuplot commands ● Same extension of the plot command ● Once per curve in the graph plot "powers.dat" using 1:2 title "x^3", \ "powers.dat" using 1:3 title "x^5", \ "powers.dat" using 1:4 title "x^7"

  47. Next version of graph plot \ "powers.dat" using 1:2 \ title "x^3" , \ "powers.dat" using 1:3 \ title "x^5" , \ "powers.dat" using 1:4 \ title "x^7"

  48. Don't have to use column 1 plot "powers.dat" \ using 4:2 \ title "x^(3/7)"

  49. Problems with graph Problems with graph: ● Curve colours ● Red, Green, Blue Want to have: ● Our curve colours ● Red, Purple, Blue

  50. Colours we have seen so far ● Background (white) ● Borders (black) ● Axes (grey) ● Curve one (red) ● Curve two (green) ● Curve three (blue)

  51. How Gnuplot uses colours ● Numbered colours for particular purposes ● Maximum of 256 colours Purpose Number Default colour Background 0 White Borders 1 Black Axes 2 Grey First curve 3 Red Second curve 4 Green

  52. Gnuplot commands ● Extension to set terminal ● List colours at end of command ● Hexadecimal specification: xrrggbb set terminal png picsize 512 512 \ xffffff x000000 x404040 \ xff0000 x800080 x0000ff

  53. A few colours green black x00ff00 x000000 turquoise x00ffff x404040 blue grey x0000ff x808080 magenta xff00ff xc0c0c0 red white xff0000 xffffff

  54. Next version of graph set terminal png \ picsize 512 512 \ xffffff x000000 x404040 \ xff0000 xff00ff x0000ff …

  55. Problems with graph Problems with graph: ● No axis labels ● No main title Want to have: ● Axis labels ● Main title

  56. Gnuplot commands Setting main title: set title "Powers" ● Do not confuse with plot … title "x^3"

  57. Gnuplot commands Setting axis labels: set xlabel "x" set ylabel "power of x"

  58. Next version of graph … set title "Powers" set xlabel "x" set ylabel "powers of x" plot "powers.dat"…

  59. Problems with graph Problems with graph: ● Surround border Want to have: ● Left border ● Bottom border

  60. Gnuplot commands Border edges: N = 1+2+4+8 1 bottom set border N 2 left 4 top 8 right

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