Introduction to Energy Indicators Introduction to Energy Indicators - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Introduction to Energy Indicators Introduction to Energy Indicators Motivation and Approach Motivation and Approach Fridtjof Unander International Energy Agency CSD 14 4 May 2006 AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Assessing Energy Efficiency Progress: A call for action from G8 Leaders and IEA Ministers � Gleneagles Plan of Action (G8 Communiqué): We will [G8 Heads of States]….invite the IEA …to develop energy indicators to assess efficiency… � Communiqué from IEA Ministers May 2005: “…instruct the IEA to monitor our efforts to [reinforce our energy efficiency effort]…” AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Presentation Overview Presentation Overview � Why indicators? � What are they? � Examples � Data needs AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Why Indicators? Why Indicators? Indicators can help... � Understand driving forces behind growth in energy demand � Separate factors related to energy efficiency from those that are not � Identify potentials for energy efficiency improvements � Measure progress of energy efficiency measures AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

What is an Energy Indicator? What is an Energy Indicator? � Relates energy use to activities driving demand for energy services � Two main types: 1.Indicators following activities that drive energy use (e.g. industrial output, building area, appliance ownership, ton-km, car-ownership and use) 2.Indicators following energy intensity developments: (e.g. energy/passenger-km, energy/value added by industry branch, space heating energy/floor area) AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Example of Driving Force Example of Driving Force Car Ow nership and Income 1970- -2000 2000 Car Ow nership and Income 1970 0.8 0.7 Oil Car Ownership (vehicle/capita) 0.6 Crises & US Climate Challenges Italy 0.5 Australia Sweden 0.4 France Finland 0.3 UK Norway 0.2 Netherlands OF ENERGY USE IN IEA COUNTRIES Denmark 0.1 Japan 0 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 Personal Consumption Expenditures per Capita (1000 1995 US$, PPP/capita) Strong growth most places, slowly leveling off in the US

Example of Driving Force Annual kilometres per Vehicle 22 Annual car use (thousand vehicle-km/vehicle) Denmark Finland 20 Oil US Crises & 18 Climate Canada Challenges 16 Netherlands 14 Australia UK 12 France 10 Norway OF ENERGY USE IN IEA COUNTRIES 8 Italy Japan 6 1976 1986 1996 1970 1972 1974 1978 1980 1982 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1998 2000 Travel per vehicle is fairly stable over time

Energy for Cars (IEA- Energy for Cars (IEA -11) 11) Factors shaping development 1973- -1998 1998 Factors shaping development 1973 3% Cars per Capita Oil km/year per car Crises & Average % Change per Year 2% Climate Challenges 1% 0% OF ENERGY USE -1% IN IEA COUNTRIES -2% 1973-1990 1990-1998 Strong growth in car ownership while the use of each car has changed little

Example of Intensity Indicator Car Stock-average Fuel Intensity Fleet average fuel intensity of cars (litres/100 vehicle-km) 19 US Oil 17 Crises & Canada Climate Challenges Australia 15 Japan 13 Norway UK 11 Netherlands 9 Finland OF ENERGY USE IN IEA COUNTRIES France 7 Denmark Italy 5 1976 1996 1974 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1998 2000 Strong decline in the US until 1990, no change since then

Energy for Cars (IEA- Energy for Cars (IEA -11) 11) Factors shaping development 1973- -1998 1998 Factors shaping development 1973 3% 3% Oil Cars per Capita Cars per Capita Crises & km/year per car km/year per car Average % Change per Year Average % Change per Year Climate 2% 2% Fuel Intensity Fuel Intensity Challenges Car Energy Use per capita 1% 1% 0% 0% OF ENERGY USE IN IEA COUNTRIES -1% -1% -2% -2% 1973-1990 1973-1990 1990-1998 1990-1998 Decline in fuel intensity has slowed….

Energy for Cars (IEA- Energy for Cars (IEA -11) 11) Factors shaping development 1973- -1998 1998 Factors shaping development 1973 3% Cars per Capita Oil km/year per car Crises & Average % Change per Year 2% Fuel Intensity Effect Climate Challenges Car Energy Use per capita 1% 0% OF ENERGY USE -1% IN IEA COUNTRIES -2% 1973-1990 1990-1998 Net result is more rapid growth in fuel demand after 1990 despite lower growth in car ownership

Example of Driving Force Example of Driving Force House Area vs. Income (1973-1998) 60 Square meters of house area per capita Oil 50 Crises & Climate Australia Challenges Canada Denmark 40 Finland France Italy 30 Japan Norway Sweden OF ENERGY USE 20 IN IEA COUNTRIES UK US 10 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Personal consumption expenditures per capita (1000 1995 US$,PPP) Living space gets bigger as we get richer

Energy for Space Heating (IEA- Energy for Space Heating (IEA -11) 11) Factors shaping development Factors shaping development 2% Average annual percent change (%/yr) Oil Crises & 1% Climate Challenges 0% Dwelling Size Effect -1% Occupancy Effect OF ENERGY USE IN IEA COUNTRIES -2% -3% 1973-1990 1990-1998 Bigger homes and fewer people per home steady drivers of space heating demand

Example of Intensity Indicator Useful Space Heating Intensity kilojoules useful energy/square metre/degree-day 250 France Oil 200 Germany Crises & Climate Finland Challenges Australia 150 UK Sweden 100 Denmark Norway OF ENERGY USE 50 US IN IEA COUNTRIES Canada Japan 0 1976 1986 1996 1974 1978 1980 1982 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1998 Space heating intensities have declined, but increased comfort levels offset the savings in some countries

Energy for Space Heating (IEA- Energy for Space Heating (IEA -11) 11) Factors shaping development Factors shaping development 2% Average annual percent change (%/yr) Oil Crises & 1% Climate Challenges 0% Dwelling Size Effect -1% Occupancy Effect OF ENERGY USE Conversion Efficiency IN IEA COUNTRIES -2% Intensity Effect -3% 1973-1990 1990-1998 Declines in intensities are slowing….

Energy for Space Heating (IEA- Energy for Space Heating (IEA -11) 11) Factors shaping development Factors shaping development 2% Average annual percent change (%/yr) Oil Crises & 1% Climate Challenges 0% Dwelling Size Effect -1% Occupancy Effect OF ENERGY USE Conversion Efficiency IN IEA COUNTRIES -2% Intensity Effect Space Heating per Capita -3% 1973-1990 1990-1998 Net result is an increase in per capita heating demand after 1990

Indicators following energy developments Indicators following energy developments Example: Residential energy use Norway 160% 150% 140% Total Energy 130% 1973 = 100% 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Indicators following energy developments Indicators following energy developments Example: Residential energy use Norway 160% Total Energy 150% Total Energy, CC 140% 130% 1973 = 100% 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% 5 6 2 3 8 9 0 4 5 6 3 4 7 8 9 0 1 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Indicators following energy developments Indicators following energy developments Example: Residential energy use Norway 160% Total Energy Total Energy, CC 150% Total/Capita 140% 130% 1973 = 100% 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Indicators following energy developments Indicators following energy developments Example: Residential energy use Norway 160% Total Energy Total Energy, CC 150% Total/Capita 140% Total/household 130% 1973 = 100% 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Indicators following energy developments Indicators following energy developments Example: Residential energy use Norway 160% Total Energy Total Energy, CC 150% Total/Capita Total/household 140% Total/Sq. m 130% 1973 = 100% 120% 110% 100% 90% 80% 70% 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY