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CS 168: Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies Introduction Prof. Tom Austin San Jos State University History of currency 2000 BC Receipts represented grain stored in Sumerian temple granaries (representative money) 600-700 BC Coins

  1. CS 168: Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies Introduction Prof. Tom Austin San José State University

  2. History of currency • 2000 BC – Receipts represented grain stored in Sumerian temple granaries (representative money) • 600-700 BC – Coins developed in Anatolia, Greece, India, and China (commodity money) – Value of these coins tied to metal content • 900 AD – Jiaozi banknote developed in China – fiat money– valuable because government says so • 1971 – U.S. breaks away from the gold standard

  3. Oct. 31, 2008

  4. Bitcoin Important Dates • March 2010 – User tried to auction 10k BTC for $50. – No buyers. • May 22 nd , 2010 – 2 pizzas bought for 10k BTC. • 2011 – matched price of a dollar • Dec 17, 2017 – $19,783.21 • Dropped to about $6k and stabilized a little. • Current price: $11,956.80

  5. What is money?

  6. Money is: • A medium of exchange • A unit of account • A store of value

  7. Properties of Money http://money.visualcapitalist.com/infographic-the-properties-of-money/

  8. So what is digital money?

  9. Previous Payment Schemes • Credit cards • PayPal So what don't these give us? • Other?

  10. DigiCash • Blinded signatures – anonymity • Central clearinghouse – double-spending • Bankrupt in 1998

  11. Why did DigiCash fail?

  12. Bitcoin • No central authority • Relies on proof-of-work • Developed concept of the blockchain

  13. Problems with Bitcoin • Limited functionality • Slow • "Useless" computation • Mining pools • ASICs • Selfish mining attacks

  14. Alternate consensus modes • Useful proof-of-work • Non-outsourceable PoW puzzles • Proof-of-stake – Coin age – Staked tokens • Proof-of-space

  15. Ethereum • Smart contracts for building distributed applications (dApps). • "Gas" to pay for computation.

  16. Other protocols • Dfinity, Algorand, Thunderella – High performance blockchains • Filecoin – Blockchain-based storage system • Tezos – Dynamically updateable blockchain • Others TBD

  17. So why take this course? We will learn: • Different cryptocurrency protocols • Uses of the blockchain We will go deep – the focus is to learn the fundamentals, maybe not the flavor of the day

  18. Administrative Details • Green sheet: http://www.cs.sjsu.edu/~austin/cs168- fall20/Greensheet.html. • Homework submitted through Canvas: https://sjsu.instructure.com/ • Academic integrity policy: http://info.sjsu.edu/static/catalog/integrity.html

  19. Schedule • The class schedule is available through Canvas • Late homework will not be accepted • It will change frequently • CHECK THE SCHEDULE BEFORE EVERY CLASS

  20. Prerequisites • CS 166 or equivalent, grade C- or better • Show me proof – If you don't, I will drop you.

  21. Resources Andreas M. Antonopoulos "Mastering Bitcoin", 2 nd ed. • Arvind Narayanan, Joseph Bonneau, Edward Felten, Andrew Miller, Steven Goldfeder, "Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies", (free, pre-pub version). Other references TBD.

  22. Grading (COVID-19) • 40% -- Homework assignments (individual work) • 40% -- Class project (team work) • 10% -- Labs • 10% -- Readings • No midterm or final

  23. Participation: Labs • No feedback given (usually) • I will look at them • If you have questions, ask me

  24. Homework • Done individually . • You may discuss the assignment with others. • Do your own work!

  25. How to fail yourself and your friend If two of you turn in similar assignments: you both get a 0

  26. Project • Build your own blockchain-based cryptocurrency • You may work with up to 3 people

  27. Office hours • MacQuarrie Hall room 216 • Mondays, 1-2pm • Thursdays, 10-11am • Also by appointment • Rescheduled office hours – Announced on Canvas – Also added to http://www.cs.sjsu.edu/~austin/cs166b- fall20/office-hours-updates.txt

  28. COVID-19 Changes • Problems will come up • We will adjust as we go

  29. Zoom dress code • Sweats, pajamas, etc. are OK. • Wear a shirt. • If you would get arrested in public, it is not appropriate for Zoom.

  30. "Please forgive the long letter; I didn’t have time to write a short one." --Blaise Pascal

  31. Two Kinds of Email • Emails with lots of detailed information and subtle nuances. • Emails that people read. Try to send the 2 nd kind

  32. Before next class • Install Node.js from https://nodejs.org/en/ • Read Section 1 of Okamoto and Ohta's "Universal Electronic Cash". https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1 007/3-540-46766-1_27.pdf

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