Introduction Introduction to to Geant4 Geant4 Makoto Asai (SLAC Computing Services) Makoto Asai (SLAC Computing Services) Geant4 Tutorial Course @ Fermi Lab Geant4 Tutorial Course @ Fermi Lab th , 2003 October 27 th October 27 , 2003
Contents Contents � General introduction and brief history General introduction and brief history � � Highlights of user applications Highlights of user applications � � Geant4 kernel Geant4 kernel � � Basic concepts and kernel structure Basic concepts and kernel structure � � User classes User classes � Introduction to Geant4 - - M.Asai (SLAC) M.Asai (SLAC) - - Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab 2 Introduction to Geant4 2
General introduction General introduction and brief history and brief history
What is Geant4? What is Geant4? � Geant4 is the successor of GEANT3, the world Geant4 is the successor of GEANT3, the world- -standard toolkit for HEP standard toolkit for HEP � detector simulation. detector simulation. � Geant4 is one of the first successful attempt to re Geant4 is one of the first successful attempt to re- -design a major design a major � package of HEP software for the next generation of experiments using package of HEP software for the next generation of experiments u sing an Object- -Oriented environment. Oriented environment. an Object � A variety of requirements also came from heavy ion physics, CP v A variety of requirements also came from heavy ion physics, CP violation iolation � physics, cosmic ray physics, astrophysics, space science and medical ical physics, cosmic ray physics, astrophysics, space science and med applications. applications. � In order to meet such requirements, a large degree of functional In order to meet such requirements, a large degree of functionality and ity and � flexibility are provided. flexibility are provided. � G4 is not only for HEP but goes well beyond that. G4 is not only for HEP but goes well beyond that. � Introduction to Geant4 - - M.Asai (SLAC) M.Asai (SLAC) - - Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab 4 Introduction to Geant4 4
Flexibility of Geant4 Flexibility of Geant4 � In order to meet wide variety of requirements from various appli In order to meet wide variety of requirements from various application cation � fields, a large degree of functionality and flexibility are provided. ided. fields, a large degree of functionality and flexibility are prov � Geant4 has many types of geometrical descriptions to describe mo Geant4 has many types of geometrical descriptions to describe most st � complicated and realistic geometries complicated and realistic geometries � CSG, BREP, Boolean CSG, BREP, Boolean � � STEP compliant STEP compliant � � XML interface XML interface � � Everything is open to the user Everything is open to the user � � Choice of physics processes/models Choice of physics processes/models � � Choice of GUI/Visualization/persistency/ Choice of GUI/Visualization/persistency/ histogramming histogramming technologies technologies � Introduction to Geant4 - - M.Asai (SLAC) M.Asai (SLAC) - - Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab 5 Introduction to Geant4 5
Physics in Geant4 Physics in Geant4 � It is rather unrealistic to develop a uniform physics model to c It is rather unrealistic to develop a uniform physics model to cover wide over wide � variety of particles and/or wide energy range. variety of particles and/or wide energy range. � Much wider coverage of physics comes from mixture of theory Much wider coverage of physics comes from mixture of theory- -driven, driven, � parameterized, and empirical formulae. Thanks to polymorphism parameterized, and empirical formulae. Thanks to polymorphism mechanism, both cross- -sections and models (final state generation) can sections and models (final state generation) can mechanism, both cross be combined in arbitrary manners into one particular process. be combined in arbitrary manners into one particular process. � Standard EM processes Standard EM processes � � Low energy EM processes Low energy EM processes � � Hadronic Hadronic processes processes � � Photon/lepton Photon/lepton- -hadron hadron processes processes � � Optical photon processes Optical photon processes � � Decay processes Decay processes � � Shower parameterization Shower parameterization � � Event biasing technique Event biasing technique � Introduction to Geant4 - - M.Asai (SLAC) M.Asai (SLAC) - - Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab 6 Introduction to Geant4 6
Physics in Geant4 Physics in Geant4 � Each cross Each cross- -section table or physics model (final state generation) has its section table or physics model (final state generation) has its � own applicable energy range. Combining more than one tables / models, dels, own applicable energy range. Combining more than one tables / mo one physics process can have enough coverage of energy range for one physics process can have enough coverage of energy range for wide variety of simulation applications. wide variety of simulation applications. � Geant4 provides sets of alternative physics models so that the u Geant4 provides sets of alternative physics models so that the user can ser can � freely choose appropriate models according to the type of his/her freely choose appropriate models according to the type of his/he r application. application. � Several individual universities / physicists groups are contribu Several individual universities / physicists groups are contributing their ting their � physics models to Geant4. Given the modular structure of Geant4, physics models to Geant4. Given the modular structure of Geant4, developers of each physics model are well recognized and credited. d. developers of each physics model are well recognized and credite Introduction to Geant4 - - M.Asai (SLAC) M.Asai (SLAC) - - Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab 7 Introduction to Geant4 7
Geant4 – – Its history and future Its history and future Geant4 � Dec Dec ’ ’94 94 - - Project start Project start � � Apr Apr ’ ’97 97 - - First alpha release First alpha release � � Jul Jul ’ ’98 98 - - First beta release First beta release � � Dec Dec ’ ’98 98 - - Geant4 0.0 release Geant4 0.0 release � � Jul Jul ’ ’99 99 - - Geant4 0.1 release Geant4 0.1 release � � … … � � Jun Jun ’ ’03 03 - - Geant4 5.2 release Geant4 5.2 release � � Dec Dec ’ ’03 03 - - Geant4 6.0 release (planned) Geant4 6.0 release (planned) � � We currently provide two to three public releases and monthly We currently provide two to three public releases and monthly � beta releases in between public releases every year. beta releases in between public releases every year. Introduction to Geant4 - - M.Asai (SLAC) M.Asai (SLAC) - - Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab 8 Introduction to Geant4 8
HARP Geant4 Collaboration Geant4 Collaboration PPARC Univ. Barcelona Collaborators also from non- Lebedev member institutions, including Budker Inst. of Physics Helsinki Inst. Ph. IHEP Protvino MEPHI Moscow Pittsburg University Introduction to Geant4 - - M.Asai (SLAC) M.Asai (SLAC) - - Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab 9 Introduction to Geant4 9
Highlights of Highlights of Users Applications Users Applications
Geant4 in HEP Geant4 in HEP � ATLAS (CERN ATLAS (CERN- -LHC) LHC) � 3 � 22 x 22 x 44 m 22 x 22 x 44 m 3 � � 15,000 ton 15,000 ton � � 4 million channels 4 million channels � � 40 MHz readout 40 MHz readout � Introduction to Geant4 - - M.Asai (SLAC) M.Asai (SLAC) - - Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab 11 Introduction to Geant4 11
Introduction to Geant4 - - M.Asai (SLAC) M.Asai (SLAC) - - Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab 12 Introduction to Geant4 12
Geant4 for beam transportation Geant4 for beam transportation Introduction to Geant4 - - M.Asai (SLAC) M.Asai (SLAC) - - Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab 13 Introduction to Geant4 13
Introduction to Geant4 - - M.Asai (SLAC) M.Asai (SLAC) - - Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab 14 Introduction to Geant4 14
Introduction to Geant4 - - M.Asai (SLAC) M.Asai (SLAC) - - Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab 15 Introduction to Geant4 15
Geant4 in space Geant4 in space ESA Space Environment & Effects Analysis Section science science X- -Ray Surveys of Ray Surveys of X Cosmic rays, Asteroids and Moons Asteroids and Moons jovian electrons Solar X-rays, e, p Geant3.21 Geant3.21 G4 “ G4 “standard standard” ” Courtesy SOHO EIT Geant4 low- -E E Induced X-ray line emission: Geant4 low indicator of target composition C, N, O line emissions included C, N, O line emissions included (~100 µ m surface layer) Introduction to Geant4 - - M.Asai (SLAC) M.Asai (SLAC) - - Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab Oct.27, 2003 @ Fermi Lab 16 Introduction to Geant4 16
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