Introduction for Gary Berg-Cross Knowledge Strategies gbergcross@gmail.com Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
PreAmble….. • I’m a Cognitive Psychologist, interested in the role of comprehension, how knowledge is acquired and used. • I’ve worked in AI, intelligent system design & knowledge engineering. – One of the fundamental problems is the challenge of handling better formalization of semantics and pragmatics while simultaneously being more faithful to natural systems and systems of thought. • My current project involves helping geo-scientist communities collaborate to share information, integrate knowledge and solve common problems. Natural Systems Formal Theory Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
Current Work on NSF INTEROP Grant Spatial Ontology Community of Practice (SOCoP see socop.org) an Interdisciplinary Network to Support Geospatial Data Sharing, Integration, and Interoperability • Geospatial data are needed for many types of applications such as the geoWeb along with emerging interdisciplinary areas that require collaboration. • But re-using this data is difficult due in part to semantic heterogeneity resulting from different community views. • We work on ontology products & semantic technologies to help with semantic interoperability. Events Various knowledge sources: H uman world (commonsense) robot world ( programmed, emergent) GeoSPARQL Spatial Geometry Geo-knowledge (GML, other Relations standards) Spatial domain (spatial calculi, ontologies) Feature Classified geospatial data sets: GeoSciences Types biology, geology, soil, forestry, Disciplines (geography, earth Agricultural, etc. science etc.) Language (linguistics) Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
Geospatial information is an important kind – Geometry (Precise), Features, Maps, Categories, Imprecise GeoScience Models Real & Human Boundary Boxes Realm Objects For Natural Regions Space A polygonal area. <meta name="DC.coverage.spatial.region" content="1 1, 4 2, 5 4, 3 6, 2 3, 1 1"> Some precise math used for the geometry/shape of “features” Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
Classification Example - Traditional land cover taxonomy (Source - Ola Ahlqvist OSU) • Easily translated to an ontology description language as class- subclass relations and class specific properties • But no agreement on a unified taxonomy –categories change to accommodate agricultural themes, climate change etc. – CORINE & GlobCover &MODIS/IGBP • Not even our USGS system could stay the same from one time to the other – National Land Cover Data (NLCD) used slightly different classes in 1992 and 2001 • Note: SSoil classifications have similar issues – http://www.itc.nl/~rossiter/research/rsrch_ss_class.html Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
National Land Cover Data (NLCD) 92-01 PA change example 11 Open Water 21 Developed, Open Space ? 22 Developed, Low Intensity 23 Developed, Medium Intensity ? Different classification systems 24 Developed, High Intensity 31 Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) create problems! 41 Deciduous Forest Ahlqvist, O., 2008, Extending post 42 Evergreen Forest 43 Mixed Forest classification change detection using 81 Pasture/Hay semantic similarity metrics to 82 Cultivated Crops overcome class heterogeneity: a 90 Woody Wetlands study of 1992 and 2001 National 95 Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands land Cover Database changes, Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(3):1226-1241 Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
16 Zimbabwe Same 14 issues around 12 global Sudan Tree height (m) 10 definitions Turkey Tanzania of “forest” 8 6 United UNESCO States China 4 Jamaica 2 Estonia 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Canopy cover (%) Adds Life forms, leaf phenology, water cycle Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
Dr. Tawan Banchuen School of Environment University of Auckland Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
Understanding is Complicated: Geo-Social-Temporal Semantics of Potholes • To understand a Domain we start with general usage of terms within the domain • Area feature - A geographic entity that encloses a region; for example, a landscape, lake, administrative area, or state. – Geographic entity - A real-world feature that is of interest; something about which data is stored. – 65 feature classes listed in USGS Gazetteer Feature Classes But consider some physical definitions: • Potholes are defined variously as cracks (at least in the UK) – of more than 30mm depth [North East Somerset, UK] – with a width of a ’large dinner plate’ (300mm) and the depth of – a ’golf ball’ (40mm) [Gloucestershire, UK] – with a width of a ’dinner plate’ (200mm) and a minimum depth of – a ’fist’ (40mm) [Worcestershire, UK] – depth of ’a pound coin and a 1p coin side by side’ [Coventry] • These impact other domains. • Due to a severe winter (Time) millions of potholes need to be repaired by the local councils (Social aspect) that are legally responsible for the roads maintenance ) within their administrative boundaries (also Social) . After KRZYSZTOF JANOWICZ (PSU/SB) Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
Ontology Defined Pothole? Bigger than… We need Ontology Engineering practices as well as an Ontology Language to produce quality ontologies. OWL Ontology Defs don’t always fit Intended Conceptualization - Krzysztof Janowicz Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
Two Part Process to Create a Quality Ontology Bottle on Pragmatic Table. Conceptualization Interaction validation Flower in C starts to model Possible Vase (part of) the world Models in “in” is various “invariant” Abstraction Languages World Situations Bottle on Table Intuition expressed in semantics Models defines relationship between L syntax and Intended interpretations Model Fitting C Our Approximates Ontology Ontology Models for Product Adapted liberally from Guarino’s 1998 D (C for D with Formal Ontology in Information Systems Commitments K in Ontology L) (LOA group, Rome) Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
Backup Slides Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
Collaboration Competence Questions (CQ) about Collaboration Sessions (CS) 1. - What are the artifacts of a CS? 2. - Who are the participants of a CS? 3. - What are the objectives of a CS? 4. - When and where a CS happens? 5. - What are the rules of a CS? 6. - What kind of artifact a CS generates? 7. - What kind of participants a CS has? 8. - How the collaborations artifacts are generated? 9. - Who are the participants of a communication action? 10. - What is the protocol of a communication action? 11. - What is the language used to exchange messages among agents? 12. - What is the context of a communication action? 13. What is the media used on a communication action? From Towards a Collaboration Ontology by Felipe F. Oliveira, Julio C. P. Antunes,, Renata Guizzardi, www.inf.ufes.br/~ffrechiani/files/ collaborationontology .pdf Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
4. A CS has one or Start of a Collaboration Ontology more objectives, defining its main purpose or goal with priorities.. 1. A collaboration 4 1 session (CS) is an event composed of the actions of its participants. 2 2. A participation 3. is performed by a participant which can have 1 or more participations. 3. These actions are instantaneous events (atomic event) and they are named here participations (e.g., the action of sending or receiving a message). Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
In Context View - Models are Approximate From “Theories, Models, Reasoning, Language, and Truth” by John F. Sowa. See also Gary Berg-Cross.” A Pragmatic Approach to Discussing Intelligence in Systems”, PerMIS 2004 and my discussion of Scruffy Vs. Neat Approaches & Models in “Information Assimilation and Indexed Knowledge” presented at NIH’s BCIG 2002 Workshop on Science Metrics, Classifications, & Mapping Standards Aug. 11-12, 2011. Gary Berg-Cross, Cognitive Psychologist
Recommend
More recommend
