International Port Security Program O Overview and Common Challenges i C C Presentation to the ASEAN Regional Forum 4 th I t Inter-sessional Meeting i l M ti 15 June 2012 San Francisco, California Mr. Steven Boyle U.S. Coast Guard Atlantic Area (CG-5413)
International Trade • International trade is invaluable to the well being of o r respecti e nations our respective nations. • Alexis de Tocqueville (c. 1840) stated: “Trade is the natural enemy of all violent passions Trade loves Trade is the natural enemy of all violent passions. Trade loves moderation, delights in compromise, and is most careful to avoid anger. It is patient, supple, and insinuating, only resorting to extreme measures in cases of absolute necessity. Trade makes men independent of one in cases of absolute necessity. Trade makes men independent of one another and gives them a high idea of their personal importance: it leads them to want to manage their own affairs and teaches them to succeed therein. Hence, it makes them inclined to liberty but disinclined to y revolution.” • International trade is worth protecting.
ISPS Code The International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code is the primary port security instrument worldwide. It addresses: •Access Control Access Control •Monitoring •Cargo Security • Drills and Exercises
ISPS Code The ISPS Code has two parts: • Part A - Mandatory Requirements • Part B - Recommendations P B R d i
After ISPS Code Success Story Before Before
Port Facility Security Challenges P blic boat landing ne t to Public boat landing next to international port facility Daily water taxi congestion y g
USCG International Port Security Program Overview The IPS Program’s f focus is to: i •Engage in bilateral and multilateral security l il l i discussions with maritime trading nations maritime trading nations •Share and align maritime security practices security practices •Exchange best practices
USCG International Port Security Program Overview Rotterdam Washington, DC T k Tokyo Al Alameda d P Portsmouth t th Singapore USCG IPS Program Staff = 68 people
USCG International Port Security Program Overview • Information exchange • Information exchange with maritime trading partners p • Port facility visits • In-country visit and In country visit and information exchange • Ongoing dialogue g g g • Reciprocal visits
USCG International Port Security Program Overview • Country Visits involve: – Discussion of the host country’s Di i f h h ’ implementation philosophy with the Designated Authority g y • Visit selected ports / port facilities • Discuss ISPS Code implementation at the port facility level & tour p y facility to observe security measures in place. • Discuss observations
General Visit Observations During our IPS During our IPS Program visits we like to walk through a port facility’s access control l procedures.
Status Report IPS Program Country Visits • The USCG conducted visits to more than 150 countries • These countries have a total of • ~13,000 port complexes • ~125,000 international port facilities • Now conducting 3 nd round of visits 3 d N d i d f i i
Status Report IPS Program Reciprocal Visits (RVs) • Number of countries N mber of co ntries conducting RVs = 82 • Total number of RVs = 104 • ASEAN RVs = 6 (1 more scheduled for July 2012) (1 more scheduled for July 2012)
General Visit Observations • Good awareness of the requirements of the ISPS q Code • Physical security is generally good. ll d • Sustainability may be a challenge for some g countries • Improvement Areas: – Governance and Oversight G d O i h – Drills and Exercise – Ability to conduct port state control t l – Waterside security – Cargo documentation
General Visit Observations 152 Maritime Nations Subject to the ISPS Code Level of ISPS Code Worldwide ASEAN Conformance Conformance Nations Nations Substantially exceeding the ISPS Code ISPS Code 13% 13% 33% 33% Substantially meeting the ISPS C d ISPS Code 77% 77% 45% 45% Struggling to fully meet the ISPS Code 10% 22%
Measure of Effectiveness Stowaways Entering the U.S. 500 450 400 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 73 13 145 122 12 12 39 407 486 492 0 0 4 4 4 CY 2002 CY 2003 CY2004 CY2005 CY2006 CY 2007 CY2008 CY2009 CY2010 CY2011 (est.) (est.)
Best Practices • Identified more than 100 • Range from very costly and sophisticated to inexpensive and simple i l • Posted on our website – homeport.uscg.mil
Global Challenges to Maritime Security • Terrorism • Exclusive Economic Zone (resource) Zone (resource) • Organized crime O i d i exploitation • Piracy • Illegal fishing • Illegal fishing • Drug smuggling • Trade disruption • Human smuggling and • Illegal migration • Illegal migration slavery l • Search and Rescue • Illegal weapons movement/proliferation t/ lif ti • Environmental attack E i t l tt k All Nations find their well-being challenged by these All Nations find their well-being challenged by these common threats to Maritime Security
Working Cooperatively • Engage multilaterally with international organizations to raise security standards worldwide ld id • International Maritime Organization (IMO) • Self Assessment Checklists • Member Audit Scheme • International Labour Organization (ILO) Code of Practice for Port Security • Engagement with regional organizations g g g g to conduct ISPS Code implementation assistance programs • Organization of American States (OAS) • Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) • Assoc. of S.E. Asian Nations (ASEAN) • Memorandums of Agreement • E European Union U i • Secretariat of the Pacific Community
Current U.S. Issues • Finding appropriate balance between security, free flow of commerce, & security, free flow of commerce, & freedom of navigation • We cannot guarantee that our ports are • We cannot guarantee that our ports are 100% secure • Assess risks, threats, & vulnerabilities • Apply mitigating measures A l iti ti • Repeat • Seek further vulnerability reduction • Identity Protection/Verification • Logistic Chain Protection Logistic Chain Protection • Small vessel security
IPS Program Summary • Goal is to improve port security in the U.S. and the world • ISPS Code implementation is the best way to accomplish that goal • Exchange information based on each trading partner’s interpretation of the ISPS Code • Ongoing mutual visits to exchange security information • Engagement with international organizations • Take appropriate action to minimize the risk T k i i i i i h i k from ships coming from ports with inadequate security measures
Contact Details IPS Program Manager IPS Detachment Alameda Captain (retired) Michael Brown Commander (retired) Steven Boyle Chief, IPS Evaluation Division Supervisor, IPS Det. Alameda Commandant (CG-5411) Coast Guard Island, Bldg. 18 U.S. Coast Guard Alameda CA 94501 Alameda, CA 94501 2100 2 nd Street SW STOP 7683 (510) 437-2947 Washington, DC 20593-7683 steven.j.boyle@uscg.mil (202) 372 1081 (202) 372-1081 michael.w.brown@uscg.mil
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