International Experience on Training, Accreditation and Standards Udo Siegfriedt Tel: +49 30 293812 60 Email: us@dgs-berlin.de Web: www.dgs-berlin.de Welcome!
Agenda Introduction PV Systems Standards Commissioning / Operating / Maintenance PV Training Discussion
Introduction DGS Germanys first non profit association aiming a renewable and environmental friendly energy supply. Founded in1975, the section Berlin in 1982 Aims: foster the usage of renewable energies by means of information, education and political influence Approx. 3.000 members incl. 350 companies National agency of International Solar Energy Society (ISES) Magazine SONNENENERGIE, six times per year The DGS is representing renewable energies in the German Federation of Technical and Scientific organisations (DVT). other DVT-Members: DIN, VDI, VDE, VBI...
DGS-Berlin: Expert services for PV systems Technical Due Diligence Plant acceptances in cooperation with TÜV - Rheinland e.V. – „PV system –TÜVdotCOM “ Technical consulting Expert opinions for courts and insurances Yield studies Internal consumption calculations for the industry Review of operation data / resimulation Short term Performance Ratio acceptance tests Reflection and shading analysis www.dgs-berlin.de
Publications Comprehensive overview on PV technology For planers, installers, architects... Information are manufacturer independent Actual Publications: Manual: Photovoltaic Systems (5 th German edition, 3 rd English) Manual: Solar Thermal Systems (9 th German edition, 2 nd English) Also available in Turkish, Macedonian and French Manuals are the basic for all SolarSchool courses
SolarSchool Berlin Training courses for engineers, architects, craftsmen since 1996 more than 6.000 participants DGS Fachkraft Photovoltaik / Solarthermie Solar(fach)berater Photovoltaik / Solarthermie One day courses: i.e. simulation, off-grid systems, marketing, overview for non technicians Courses on Renewables world wide Development and coordination of a country wide network of DGS SolarSchools
Residential houses in Germany
PV in South Africa (as seen last weekend)
PV in South Africa (as seen yesterday) Shopping Center Water Front Residential House Constantia
Grid tied PV Systems do not figure in national standards in South Afrika Limited standards for wiring Limited standards for connection to the grid New standards or guidelines shall ensure high quality installation, grid safety and quality at an affordable price
Alternating current / direct current •Sine curve of voltage and current •Periodic zero crossing Voltage Current (with phase shift) •Arcs due to switching quench at the next zero crossing •Possibly phase shift between voltage and current Voltage •No zero crossing Current •Arcs don’t quench automatically •PV module cannot be switched off
PV system: DC components Generator junction box ( String diodes ) Isolators String fuses Inverter DC main cable String fuses Isolators PV cables with scoop-proof plugs
Standards and guidelines PV-Modules IEC 61215 (crystall.) and IEC 61646 (thin film) IEC 61730 part1 and 2: Safety… Inverter Safety standards EN 62109 part1 and 2 … Installation: IEC/VDE 0100 part 712: PV-systems + all relevant other parts VDE 0282 und VDE 0298: high voltage cables DIN EN 62305-3 supplementary sheet 5: Lightning and overvoltage protection for PV Mounting systems load assumption and static according DIN EN 1991
Grid connection (Germany) Standards and Guidelines: • DIN EN 61727: PV systems – Characteristics of the utility interface • DIN VDE 0126-1: Automatic isolation unit between a private power generator and the public grid (incl. anti islanding) • VDEW-“Guideline for connecting and parallel operating of a private power generator to the public grid • TAB 2007 Technical requirements by the grid companies for connecting to the public grid Grid connection point (German Renewable Energy Law EEG) • Technical and economically most suitable connecting point • Power generator < 30 kW: existing grid connection point = most suitable • larger generator: : Assignation / in consultation with the grid company • in case of dispute: - EEG-Clearingstelle: www.clearingstelle-eeg.de
New requirements for grid integration of PV systems since 2014 Requirements EEG 2014 Part 2 FNN (Committee on the elaboration of VDE guidelines)- guideline VDE-AR-N 4105 for connecting and operating of private power generators at the low voltage grid BDEW-guideline „Erzeugungsanlagen am Mittelspannungsnetz (10 to 35 kV) – for connecting an operating of private power generators at the medium voltage grid 06/2008 „ E uropean N etwork of T ransmission S ystem O perators for E lectricity“ (entsoe) “ENTSO-E Draft Requirements for Grid Connection Applicable to all Generators”. Will come midyear 2016. Regulations close to VDE 4105 and BDEW Technical requirements for connecting to the public low voltage and medium voltage grid of the BDEW
Requirements to the grid connection of PV-systems according §6 EEG and VDE 4105 Generator power Nessecary measures • Reactive power cos φ = +/ - 0,95 according EN 50438 ≤ 3,68 kVA • Remote feed in reduction / shut down or feed in reduction to max. active power of 70% • Reactive power according given characteristic with cos φ = +/ - 0,95 ≤ 13,8 kVA • Central or inverter integrated grid protection • Remote feed in reduction / shut down or feed in reduction to Active power reduction if frequency > 50,2 Hz max. active power of 70% and shut down if frequency < 47,5Hz • Reactive power according given characteristic with cos φ = +/ - 0,9 ≤ 30 kVA • Central or inverter integrated grid protection • 3 phase inverter or 1 phase inverter and communication max 4,6 kVA unbalanced load • Remote feed in reduction / shut down or feed in reduction to max. active power of 70% • Reactive power according given characteristic with cos φ = +/ - 0,9 ≤ 100 kVA • Central grid protection, anti islanding protection integrated in inverter possible • 3 phase inverter or 1 phase inverter and communication • Remote feed in reduction • Reactive power according given characteristic with cos φ = +/ - 0,9 > 100 kVA • Central grid protection, anti islanding protection integrated in inverter possible • 3 phase inverter or 1 phase inverter and communication • Remote feed in reduction in several steps (mostly done with centralized telecontrol signal 100%, 60%, 30%, 0%) and transmission of actual feed in power to the grid company
Commissioning of a PV plant In accordance with DIN VDE 0100 part 610 and BGV A2 (electrical installations and equipment) a test has to be done for personal and operational safety. A report has to record the measurement of (sample): • isolation resistance of the PV-generator • open circuit voltage of each string • short circuit current of each string (DGS: operation current)... The start up has to be done by a accredited electrically skilled person sometimes in the presence of a staff member of the grid company including the following (sample) - Inspection of the plant - Comparison installation / planning - Accessibility of all parts relevant for the energy supply company - Inspection of potential equalization - Assembly of the measuring equipment in accordance to the technical specifications
Announcement of completion at the grid company Announcement of completion An electrician approved by the grid company has to sign the following statement : “The installed system has been built, tested and completed by me / us according to the applicable regulations and rules of the art, in particular according to DIN VDE standards , the technical connection requirements (TAB) from The test results are documented . The system can be put into operation in accordance with § 13 of AVBEltV ( Regulation on General Conditions for electricity supply of tariff customers ) and Paragraph 3 of the TAB" Documents required for sign on at the grid company • Wiring diagram of the PV installation with nominal values of the installed utilities • Description of the safety devices including information of it‘s function • Information of the short circuit withstand of the isolators • Description of the inverter operating method • Inverter manufacturer declaration on conformity • Description of the method used to connect the inverter to the grid • Certification for the inverter / certification for the whole system
Obligatory registration of the PV System Federal Grid Agency • Only if the feed in tariff according EEG (German renewable energy law) is demanded Registration according the ordinance to register PV installations (Anlagenregisterverordnung (AnlRegV) • Also obligatoray for installations, where no feed in tariff is demanded • Only for grid connected installations • Registration must be done within 3 weeks after completion
Independent Quality Control • BSW Passport for PV systems List of necessary documents and measurements, no quality control • Quality seals (DGS, TÜV.com…) Planning check, documentation check, visual inspection, measurements Sometimes yield recalculation based on real irradiation
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