INSECTS IN THE GARDEN Rachel Suits Outreach Program Coordinator - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

INSECTS IN THE GARDEN Rachel Suits Outreach Program Coordinator OSU Extension Service

Objectives ■ Understand basic insect morphology and physiology. ■ Understand the different niches that insects occupy in an ecosystem. ■ Be able to infer a niche based on mouthparts and other identifying characteristics. ■ Learn and teach identifying characteristics for insect orders.

OVERVIEW 1.What is an insect? 2.Insect biology 3.Diversity & Classification

Fun insect facts ■ Coevolved to pollinate ■ About 80% of the plants Earth’s animals are insects ■ An important food source for many other ■ 1 million species animals described ■ Soil: help aerate the ■ Most insects are soil, improve its beneficial. Only retention of rainwater, about 1-3% of and enhance its tilth insects are pests (physical condition).

Why do Insects Exist? ■ Insects are involved in every aspect of life – Decomposition – Population control – Supporting food chains – Agriculture – Pollinators 6

Important because… 8

Most concentrated energy

THE INSECT APOCALYPSE IS HERE November 27, 2018

Insect Vectored Illnesses WEST NILE MALARIA CHAGAS ZIKA DENGUE LYME FEVER

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Arthropods (Insects & their relatives) No backbone (invertebrates) Exoskeleton Jointed legs Segmented

ANIMALS ARTHROPODS INSECTS ARACHNIDS MYRIAPODS spider ers lady y beetles etles millipe pedes es stink nk bugs mites centipedes tipedes

What are Arachnids? ■ Arthropod, Non-insect ■ 2 body regions ■ 8 legs ■ No wings ■ No antennae Spiders, mites, ticks & scorpions

What are Myriapods? ■ Arthropod, Non- insect ■ Many body segments ■ 1 pair of antennae “recycler” ■ Many legs predator – Millipedes = 2 pairs/segment – Centipedes = 1 pair/segment

Exoskeleton 3 body segments Compound Eyes 1 pair of antennae 3 pairs of legs Adults have wings 17

Ex Exosk oskele eleton on 18

Molting ■ Process to shed exoskeleton, usually to expand or become adults ■ Regulated by hormones – Some insecticides mimic these insect hormones to disrupt development

Exoskeleton 3 body segments Compound Eyes 1 pair of antennae 3 pairs of legs Adults have wings 20

Head Thorax Abdomen 21

Exoskeleton 3 body segments Compound Eyes 1 pair of antennae 3 pairs of legs Adults have wings 22

Head 23

Exoskeleton 3 body segments Compound Eyes 1 pair of antennae 3 pairs of legs Adults have wings 26

Thorax 27

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Leg Quiz! Types of Legs

Abdomen 30

Insects breathe through spiracles

Mo Mouthpa uthparts ts Stylet Palpus • sucking • sponging Mandibles • chewing 33

Feeding Categories de defoli liation ation paras pa asit itoid oid min inin ing ga gall maker er lea eafroller oller sucking ing

Feeding Categories de defoli liation ation paras pa asit itoid oid min inin ing ga gall maker er lea eafroller oller sucking ing

Feeding Categories de defoli liation ation paras pa asit itoid oid min inin ing ga gall maker er lea eafroller oller sucking ing

Feeding Categories de defoli liation ation paras pa asit itoid oid min inin ing ga gall maker er lea eafroller oller sucking ing

Feeding Categories de defoli liation ation paras pa asit itoid oid min inin ing ga gall maker er lea eafroller oller sucking ing

Feeding Categories de defoli liation ation paras pa asit itoid oid min inin ing ga gall maker er lea eafroller oller sucking ing

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Making mummies Videos: Dr. Steven Wratten Photo by R Dufour

Insect Development Metam etamor orphosis phosis Comple plete Simple ple Larva Nymph Pupa Adult Adult 52

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instar 3 rd 4 th 2 nd 1 st 5 th 57

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DIVERSIT SITY Y OF OF SPECIES Hemipt iptera era, , Other er, , 7.70% 7.80% Lepidopt idoptera era, , 15.90% Coleopt eoptera ra, , Hymen enopt optera ra 41. 1.20% 20% , 14.90% , 0% Diptera era, , 12.40% 59

CHEWING yes no defoliation leafroller mining SUCKING beetle caterpillar grasshopper caterpillar fly caterpillar yes no True bug Aphid/LH mite GALL Plant Damage Decision Tree yes no mite wasp Disease?

Entomology resources ■ PNW handbook: https://pnwhandbooks.org/insect ■ Bugguide.net ■ Xerces Society: www.xerces.org ■ OSU Online Insect Collection: http://oregondigital.org/sets/ken-gray 62