Inmaculada Rodríguez Ramos “Nanostructured catalysts for sustainable chemical processes” Instituto de Catá álisis y Petroleoqu lisis y Petroleoquí ímica (ICP) mica (ICP) Instituto de Cat “Institute Institute of of Catalysis Catalysis and and Petroleochemistry Petroleochemistry” ” “ http://www.icp.csic.es
Main Research Lines Main Research Lines � ENERGY LINE. Catalysts and catalytic processes for the production and transformation of energy resources. � ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION LINE . Catalysts and catalytic processes for pollutant abatement and disinfection. � LINE OF SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICALS. Catalysts and processes for the synthesis of commodities and high value added chemicals. Main general objective for the three research lines: to develop both advanced catalysts and innovative chemical processes.
Sublines in the Energy Field in the Energy Field Sublines � FUEL CELLS. � PRODUCTION AND USES OF HYDROGEN. � COMPETITIVE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF FUELS. The general objective of the Energy Line is the development of new catalysts and electrocatalysts for the chemical conversion of renewable energy resources into hydrogen, liquid fuels and chemicals. Such processes include biomass transformation into fuels and chemicals, upgrading of non- edible oils and glycerol, synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons from carbon oxides, and production of electricity in FCs using both H 2 and organic carriers.
Fuel Cells Cells Fuel Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) � Research, development and fabrication of FC � Electrocatalysts � Optimization of inorganic (Pt-based) electrodes � Development of new active phases for substitution of platinum as main active metal (anode and cathode). � Metalloenzimes-based electrodes: Development of interfaces for efficient electron transfer between metalloenzymes that activate H2 and O2 and electrodes as an alternative to Pt-based electrodes Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) New catalytic formulations for intermediate temperature direct fuel oxidation.
Biofuel cells cells Biofuel M. Asuncion Alonso-Lomillo et al., NanoLetters 7 (2007) 1603.
SOFC Cu-M Cu-M Cu-M Cu-M Cu Cu CeO 2 CeO 2 Cu Cu Cu Cu (Ce,M)O x (Ce,M)O x (Ce,M)O x (Ce,M)O x YSZ YSZ CGO CGO CGO CGO CH 4 -TPR XRD Cu Ni + Ce 2 O 3 Cu-CeGd + * fluorite (Ce,M)O x CuNi-Ce # Cu-Ni alloy CuNi-CeGd + + + CuNi-CeTb + + CO 2 signal (a.u.) + + + CuNi-Ce * a.u. * * * * * * * CuNi-CeGd # # # CuNi-CeTb 573 648 723 798 873 948 1023 1098 1173 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Temperature (K) o ) 2 θ ( A. Hornés et al. Journal of Power Sources 169 (2007) 9–16 and in press (doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.12.015)
Production and and uses uses of of Hydrogen Hydrogen Production � General projects dealing with hydrogen as clean energy vector as well as including full hydrocarbon or biofuel processing for production of hydrogen usable in fuel cells. � Electrolysis of water/sacarose solutions. � CO2-free alternatives. Visible-light water photodissociation. � Diesel reforming. � Natural gas catalytic decomposition. � WGS or CO-PROX with Pt-free catalysts.
Production and and uses uses of of Hydrogen Hydrogen Production CO-PROX ACTIVITY 0,5Cu 1Cu 0,5Cu 3Cu 110 1Cu 5Cu 3Cu 100 Ce 0,95 Cu 0,05 O 2 5Cu 100 Ce0,95Cu0,05O2 Ce 0,9 Cu 0,1 O 2 90 Ce0,9Cu0,1O2 Ce 0,8 Cu 0,2 O 2 80 Ce0,8Cu0,2O2 80 %Conversión de CO 70 Selectividad 60 60 50 40 40 20 30 20 0 10 300 350 400 450 500 550 300 350 400 450 500 550 Temperatura / K Temperatura / K Massive copper Reduced oxide reduction Ce 0.8 Cu 0.2 O 2 interface CuO CeO 2 support H 2 +O 2 CO+O 2 D. Gamarra et al. Journal of the American Chemical Society 129 (2007) 12064
Production and and uses uses of of Hydrogen Hydrogen Production Fullerenes J. Álvarez-Rodríguez, unpublished results.
Carbon nanotubes nanotubes based catalysts based catalysts Carbon CNTs and 80 N-doped 60 CNTs Conv (%) 40 20 0 350 400 450 T (ºC) Conversion in ammonia decomposition reaction ( ● ) RuCNTs-0, ( ■ ) RuCNTs-N, ( � ) RuCNTs-1 and ( ▼ ) RuCNTs-2 Selective confinement of discrete nanoparticles (NPs) in the CNT cavity. Catalytic performance in FT and CO-PROX. Carbon 44 (2006) 799–823 Diamond & Related Materials 16 (2007) 542–549 Nano Lett., 7, (2007) 1603
Metal supported systems for abatements of organic pollutants in contaminated waters. • Aniline and phenol oxidation in water. a 100 Phenol conversion (%) 80 60 40 20 0 0 60 120 180 240 300 Reaction time (min) b 100 Mineralization (%) 80 60 In subsequent cycles the 40 Fe/C ratio remains 20 constant and the 0 0 60 120 180 240 300 catalytic activity is Reaction time (min) Evolution of (a) conversion and (b) almost equivalent during mineralization with the reaction time in the all reaction cycles. CWAO of Phenol over: ( □ ) CNFs; ( ○ ) ox/CNFs; ( ∆ ) acac/CNFs; ( ■ ) Fe(II)-CNFs; ( ● ) Fe(II)-ox/CNFs; ( ▲ ) Fe(II)- acac/CNFs. M. Soria et al, Carbon, in press.
Sunlight excitation Sunlight excitation TiO2 modification: cationic/anionic doping TiO2 modification: cationic/anionic doping Liquid: : Phenol Phenol Liquid � � Cationic: Fe, V (low loaded samples) Cationic: Fe, V (low loaded samples) Mo, W (high loaded samples) Mo, W (high loaded samples) � � Anionic: N; “ “self self- -doped doped” ” samples samples Anionic: N; 100 � � Both: W- Both: W -N N 90 [TOC] (%) 80 Gas: Toluene Toluene Gas: TiO 2 TiFe-0.4 70 TiFe-0.7 10.0 TiFe-1.5 TiFe-3.5 9.9 W-N 60 TiFe-5.1 TiO 2 -A 9.8 50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 9.7 x 3.0 Time (min) -2 -1 m 9.6 -10 mol s 9.5 45 W 40 3 Rate / 10 35 conversion (%) 30 25 x 3.3 2 20 15 1 TiO 2 (nano) 10 TiO 2 P25 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 Fe content (%) % (W /(W +Ti)) (ICP-AAS analysis) Intimate structure- -activity link activity link Intimate structure A. Kubacka Chem. Comm. 2001; Appl. Catal. B 72 (2007) 11; 74 (2007) 26
Self-sterilized Plastic Materials EVOH EVOH-Ti2 EVOH 14 2AgTi, no UV 05Ti 12 05TiAg 2 -4 mm 2Ti 10 2TiAg Cell Number / 10 5Ti 8 5TiAg 6 4 2 EVOH-Ti0.5 EVOH-Ti2 0 Capabilities Capabilities strong germicidal (biofilm biofilm) ) strong germicidal ( controlled self- -degradation degradation controlled self EVOH-Ti5 Optimum 2- -5 wt% 5 wt% Optimum 2 Ag; visible- -light active materials light active materials Ag; visible EVOH-Ti5 Kubacka et al. Nano Letters 7 (2007) 2529 Advanced Functional Materials 18 (2008) 1949 Env. Sic. Technol. 43 (2009) 1630; J. Phys. Chem. C (accepted).
Institute of of Catalysis Catalysis and and Petroleochemistry Petroleochemistry Institute http://www.icp.csic.es/
Recommend
More recommend
