Information Visualization Crash Course (AKA Information Visualization 101) Chad Stolper Assistant Professor Southwestern University (graduated from Georgia Tech CS PhD) 1
What is Infovis? Why is it Important? Human Perception Chart Basics (If Time, Some Color Theory) The Shneiderman Mantra Where to Learn More 2
What is Information Visualization? 4
Information Visualization “The use of computer -supported, interactive , visual representations of abstract data to amplify cognition .” Card, Mackinlay, and Shneiderman 1999 5
Communication Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) 6
Communication (gone wrong) 7
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Edward Tufte An American statistician and professor emeritus of political science, statistics, and computer science at Yale University. He is noted for his writings on information design and as a pioneer in the field of data visualization. -Wikipedia 9 � X
Space Shuttle Challenger January 28, 1986 Morning Temperature: 31°F What happened? 10
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Rwcbsn19c0 14
How did this happen? 15
Morton Thiokol’s Presentation 16
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So, communication is extremely important . Visualization can help with that – communicate ideas and insights . 31
http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_shows_the_best_stats_you_ve_ever_seen.html 32
Visualization can also help with Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) But why do you need to explore data at all??? 33
“There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics.” 35
Mystery Data Set 36
Mystery Data Set Property Value mean( x ) 9 variance ( x ) 11 mean( y ) 7.5 variance ( y ) 4.122 correlation ( x,y ) 0.816 Linear Regression Line y = 3 + 0.5x 37
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Anscombe’s Quartet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anscombe%27s_quartet 43
Anscombe’s Quartet Sanity Checking Models Outlier Detection 44
Anscombe’s Quartet Sanity Checking Models Outlier Detection 45
Anscombe’s Quartet Sanity Checking Models Outlier Detection 46
Anscombe’s Quartet Sanity Checking Models Outlier Detection 47
Data visualization leverages human perception 49
Name the five senses. 51
Sense Bandwidth (bits/sec) Sight 10,000,000 Touch 1,000,000 Hearing 100,000 Smell 100,000 Taste 1,000 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/287907/information-theory/214958/Physiology 52
A (Simple) Model of Human Visual Perception 53
A (Simple) Model of Human Perception Stage 1 Stage 2 Parallel Serial processing detection of of object basic features identification and into an iconic spatial layout store 54
Stage 1: Pre-Attentive Processing Rapid Parallel Automatic (Fleeting = lasting for a short time) 55
Stage 2: Serial Processing Relatively Slow (Incorporates Memory) Manual 56
Stage 1: Pre-Attentive Processing The eye moves every 200ms 57
Stage 1: Pre-Attentive Processing The eye moves every 200ms (so this processing occurs every 200ms-250ms) 58
Example 1281768756138976546984506985604982826762 9809858458224509856458945098450980943585 9091030209905959595772564675050678904567 8845789809821677654876364908560912949686 59
Example 1281768756138976546984506985604982826762 9809858458224509856458945098450980943585 9091030209905959595772564675050678904567 8845789809821677654876364908560912949686 60
A few more examples from Prof. Chris Healy at NC State 61
Left Side Right Side 62
Left Side Right Side 63
Raise your hand if a RED DOT is present… 64
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Color (hue) is pre-attentively processed. 67
Raise your hand if a RED DOT is present… 68
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Shape is pre-attentively processed. 71
Determine if a RED DOT is present… 72
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Hue and shape together are NOT pre-attentively processed. 75
Pre-Attentive Processing length hue • • width lightness • • size flicker • • curvature direction of motion • • number binocular lustre • • terminators stereoscopic depth • • intersection 3-D depth cues • • closure lighting direction • • 76
Stephen Few “Now You See It” pg. 39 77
Pre-Attentive à Cognitive 78
Gestalt Psychology Berlin, Early 1900s 79
Gestalt Psychology Goal was to understand pattern perception Gestalt (German) = “seeing the whole picture all at once” Identified 8 “Laws of Grouping” http://study.com/academy/lesson/gestalt-psychology-definition-principles-quiz.html 80
Gestalt Psychology 1. Proximity 7. Good Gestalt 2. Similarity 8. Past Experience 3. Closure 4. Symmetry 5. Common Fate 6. Continuity 81
How many groups are there? 82
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Proximity 84
How many groups are there? 85
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Similarity 87
How many shapes are there? 88
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Closure 90
How many items are there? 91
( ) { } [ ] 92
Symmetry ( ) { } [ ] 93
How many sets are there? 94
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Common Fate 96
How many objects are there? 97
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Continuity 99
How many objects are there? 100
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Good Gestalt 102
What is this word? (Please Shout) 103
FLICK 104
Past Experience FLICK 105
Past Experience FLICK 106
Pre-Attentive Processing Gestalt Laws 107
Detect Quickly 108
Detect quickly does NOT mean detect accurately Ideally you want both. 109
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