Increasing Nighttime Seatbelt Usage Rates: An Evaluation of Enforcement, Education, and Outreach Strategies Shashi Nambisan Jerry Everett, Matt Cate Center for Transportation Research University of Tennessee, Knoxville Tennessee Section ITE Spring 2015 Meeting Kingsport, TN May 21, 2015
Project Overview • 3-year CDC funded research project • Additional support from TN GHSO • Target age group: 16-34 year olds • Study area: 5 east TN counties + control county • Community support/participation is key • Lessons learned to be shared across US 2
Study Setting and Potential Observation Sites 3
Seatbelts Save Lives • Use of seatbelts save > 15,000 annually • Statewide ave. daytime SB use rate in TN ~88 % • Nighttime seatbelt usage rate ~ 15 % lower • Studies show that about half of TN highway traffic crash fatalities are unbuckled • => 50% of the traffic fatalities come from 12% of our population 4
TN Seat Belt Usage 2000-2014 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% Usage Rate 65% All Vehicles 60% Cars 55% Pickup Trucks 50% Vans 45% SUVs 40% 35% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Year 5
Average: TN vs National 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Tennessee 20 National Avg 10 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 6
CTR Survey Research Findings Seat belt usage tends to be lower for those • With a high school education or less (vs. college) • Who are black or Asian (vs. Caucasian) • Who are between the ages of 18-45 • Who earn less than $30K/year • Who drive pick up trucks 7
Project Aims • Develop, implement, and evaluate a pilot program which o combines increased targeted nighttime seatbelt use enforcement and o broad community-based outreach & education (O&E) activities including paid media campaigns • Assess how such interventions o affect nighttime seatbelt usage rates and impaired driving o are related to socio-demographic, spatial, and temporal characteristics o affect other traffic violations o are related to other societal indicators of public safety o influence morbidity and mortality due to such crashes 8
Collaborators and Partners • Centers for Disease Control and Injury Prevention • Prof. Mack Shelley, Iowa State University (Statistician) • Tombras, Knoxville, TN (Advertising and media) • Law Enforcement Agencies: State and Local • TDOT and TDOS • Hospitality industry • University of Tennessee o Athletics, Greek Communities, College of Business, ITE Student Chapter • Colleges and High-Schools • Health Departments and Programs • Arenas, Coliseums, Stadia • Conventions and Professional Sports: Baseball, Hockey • Others??: Regal Cinemas, UT Honors Council, Retail outlets 9
Study Area: All MV Citations 30,000 Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford 25,000 20,000 All Citations 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year (2003 - 2012) 10
Study Area: Seat Belt Citations Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford 2500 Number of Seat Belt Citations 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year (2003-2012) 11
Study Area: % Seat Belt Citations 20.0% % Citations Issued for Restraint Law Violations Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford 18.0% 16.0% 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year (2003 - 2012) 12
Crash Rates Per 100,000 Drivers 0.3 Fatal Crash Rate 0.2 Rate 0.1 0 Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford 15 Injury Crash Rate 10 Rate 5 0 Blount Knox Loudon Roane Sevier Rutherford 14
Intervention and Evaluation • Phased approach for targeted nighttime enforcement activities and O&E efforts o Coordinate schedules for broadcast and social media based O&E efforts with existing efforts • Targeted enforcement activities similar to those for DUI enforcement o saturation patrols o check-points • Typical timeline for enforcement activities and O&E intervention 15
Baseline SB Usage Rates Vehicle Types Observed 70 Car Truck SUV Van 60 % of Each Type of Vehicle 50 40 657 1317 1018 419 941 30 20 10 0 Blount Knoxville Loudon Roane Sevier 16
Baseline SB Usage Rates: By Gender Seat Belt Usage Based - County 100 % of Male Drivers Belted % of Female Drivers Belted 90 80 70 % of Drivers Belted 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Blount Knoxville Loudon Roane Sevier All 17
Baseline SB Usage Rates: By County Seat Belt Usage - Counties 100 Car Truck SUV Van All Vehicle 80 % of Drivers Belted 60 40 20 0 Blount Knoxville Loudon Roane Sevier All 18
Baseline SB Usage Rates: By Vehicle Type Blount Knoxville Loudon Roane Sevier All 90% 80% 70% % of Drivers Belted 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Car Truck SUV Van All Vehicle Vehicle Type 19
Schedule 2014 2015 Activity May Dec Jan Feb Mar April June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Intercept/Phone Surveys After After Seatbelt Surveys Pilot Before During After/Before After Before After Before Before Summer GHSO Campaigns CIOT Heat Law Enforcement Activity Advise Backup Assist with Data Collection Additional locations Saturation Patrols Check Points Outreach & Education Broadcast Media Targeted Digital Media Pilot Test Community-based Pilot Test Social Media 20
Evaluation • Observational seatbelt surveys • Telephone/Web surveys • Citation tracking • Local assessments • Statistical Analysis 21
Contact Information Shashi Nambisan shashi@utk.edu I distinctly said Did NOT!! MONORAIL 22
Revealed vs Stated Behavior 23
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