In Intr trod oduc uctio tion n to to Art rtifici ficial al - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

In Intr trod oduc uctio tion n to to Art rtifici ficial al In Inte tellige genc nce e (A (AI) I) Computer ter Sc Science ce cpsc3 c322 22, , Lectur ture e 1 May, y, 8, 2012 CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 1

Lecture cture Ov Overview view • Course Essentials • What is AI? • Representation and Reasoning • Course Overview • AI applications…… CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 2

Pe People ople Instr struc uctor tor • Giuse sepp ppe e Ca Carenini ( carenini@cs.ubc.ca; office CICSR 129) Teachi Te hing ng As Assist stan ants ts • Mahsa Imani mimani@cs.ubc.ca • Shafi fiq Joty rjoty@cs.ubc.ca • Na Nathan an Tomer ntomer@cs.ubc.ca CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 3

Course urse Essential entials(1) s(1) • Course se web-pag ages es: www.cs.ubc.ca/~carenini/TEACHING/CPSC322-12/index.html WebSearch: Giuseppe Carenini • This is where most information about the course will be posted, most handouts (e.g., slides) will be distributed, etc. • CHECK IT OFTEN! • Lectur tures es: • Cover basic notions and concepts known to be hard • I will try to post the slides in advance (by 8AM). • After class, I will post the same slides inked with the notes I have added in class. • Each lecture will include a set of learning goals: Student can…. CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 4

Course urse Essential entials(2) s(2) • Te Textbo tbook ok: Artificial Intelligence , 2nd Edition, by Poole, Mackworth. • It’s free! • It’s available electronically http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~poole/aibook/ • We will cover at least Chapters: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 5

Course urse Es Esse sentials(3) ntials(3) • WebCT: T: discussion board • Use the discussion board for questions about assignments, material covered in lecture, etc. That way others can learn from your questions and comments! • Use email for private questions (e.g., grade inquiries or health problems). • AI AIspac ace e : online tools for learning Artificial Intelligence http://aispace.org/ • Under development here at UBC! CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 6

Course urse Elements ments • Pr Practic tice e Ex Exercis ises es: : 0% (we may do some in class) • As Assign gnmen ents ts: 20% • Midterm: erm: 30% • Fi Final: l: 50% If f your final grade is >= 20% higher than your midterm erm grade: • Assignments: 20% • Midterm: 15% • Final: 65% CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 7

As Assi signments nments • Th There e will be four assign gnmen ents ts in total • They will not necessarily be weighted equally • Group p work • code questions:  you can work with a partner  always hand in your ur own piece ce of code (stating who your partner was) • written questions:  you may discuss questions with other students  you may not look at or copy each other's written work  you'll be asked to sign an honour code saying you've followed these rules CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 8

As Assi signments: nments: Late te Days ys • Hand in by 9am on due day (in class or electronically) e late days  • Yo You get three • to allow you the flexibility to manage unexpected issues • additional late days will not be granted except under truly exceptional circumstances • A d A day is define ned as: all or part of a 24-hour block of time beginning at 9 am on the day an assignment is due • if you've used up all your late days, you lose 20% per day CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 9

Missing ssing As Assi signments gnments / M / Midterm term / Fi / Final al Hopeful fully ly late days will cover almost all the reasons you'll be late in submitting assignments. • However, something more serious like an extended illness may occur  • Fo For all such h cases es: : you'll need to provide a note from your doctor, psychiatrist, academic advisor, etc. • If you miss: • an assignment ment, , your score will be reweighted to exclude that assignment • the midterm rm, , those grades will be shifted to the final. (Thus, your total grade = 80% final, 20% assignments) • the final, , you'll have to write a make-up final as soon as possible. CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 10

How w to to Ge Get t Help? p? • Use the course discussi sion on board on WebCT for questions on course material (so keep reading from it) • Go to office hours (newsgroup is NOT a good substitute for this) – • Sh Shafi fiq: Mon2pm pm (le learn arning ing Ce Center r X1 X150) • Giuse sepp ppe: e: Tue 2pm (CI CICSR CSR #129) • Na Nathan: an: Wed 2pm (learning ing Ce Center r X150) • Mahsa: a: Thu 2pm (learn arning ing Ce Center r X150) Can schedule by appointment if you can document a conflict with the official office hours CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 11

Get etting ting Hel elp p fr from om Oth ther er St Stud uden ents ts? ? From om th the We e Web? b? (Pla lagi giarism) arism) • It t is OK OK to talk wi with your classmat mates es about assignments; ments; le learning ing from m each other r is is good • Bu But you must: • Not copy from others (with or without the consent of the authors) • Write/present your work completely on your own (code questions exception) • If f they use externa rnal source ce (e.g., g., Web) in the assignments. Report this. e.g., “bla bla bla…..” [wikipedia] CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 12

Get etting ting Hel elp p fr from om Oth ther er So Sour urces es? ? (Pl Plag agia iarism) rism) When you are in do doubt wh whether er the line is crossed sed: • Talk to me or the TA’s • See UB UBC o C offi fici cial l regulati ation ons on what constitutes plagiarism (pointer in course Web-page) • Ignorance of the rules will not be a sufficient excuse for breaking them Any unjustified cases will be severely ely dealt wi with by the Dean’s Off ffice ice (that’s the official procedure) • My advice: better to skip an assignment than to have “ academic misconduct ” recorded on your transcript and additional penalties as serious as expulsion from the university! CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 13

To To Su Summarize arize • All the course logistics are described in the course Webpage www.cs.ubc.ca/~carenini/TEACHING/CPSC322-12/index.html WebSearch: Giuseppe Carenini (And summarized in these slides) • Make sure you carefully read and understand them! CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 14

Wh What t is s In Inte telligence? lligence? CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 15

What t is Arti tificial ficial In Inte telli lligence? gence? Two definitio Tw itions ns that have been propose sed: • Systems that think nk and act act like humans • Systems that think nk and act act ration onal ally ly CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 16

Th Thinking inking and Ac Acti ting ng Humanly anly Model l the cogniti itive ve funct ction ons s of human beings gs • Humans are our only example of intelligence: we should use that example! Pr Problem ems: s: • But... humans often think/act in ways that we don't consider intelligent (why?) • And... detailed model of how people's minds operate not yet available CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 17

Th Thinki inking ng Rati tionally onally Ration onal ality ity: an abstract “ideal'' of intelligence , rather than ``whatever humans think/do'‘ • Ancient Greeks invented syllogisms : argument structures that always yield correct conclusions given correct premises • This led to logic, and probabili ilist stic c reasoning ing which we'll discuss in this course • But correct sound reasoning is not always enough “to survive” “to be useful”… CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 18

Acti ting ng (&thi thinking) nking) Rati tionally onally This course will emphasize a view of AI as building agents nts: artifacts that are able to think and act rationally in their environments Rationality is more cleanl nly y defined ed than human behavior, so it's a better design objective (Eg: “intelligent” vacuum cleaner: maximize area cleaned, minimize noise and electricity consumption) Agents that can answer queries, plan actions and solve complex problems And when you have a rational agent you can always tweak it to make it irrational! CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 19

Wh Why y do we need ed intel tellige ligent nt agents? ents? CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 20

Ag Agents ents act cting ing in an envi vironment ronment Representation & Reasoning CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 21

Wh What t is an agent? nt? It has the following characteristics: • It is situated in some environ ronment ent • does not have to be the real world---can be an abstracted electronic environment • It can make observ rvati ations ons (perhaps imperfectly) • It is able to act act (provide an answer, send an email) • It has goals or preferen rence ces s (possibly of its user) • It may have prior knowled edge ge or beliefs fs, and some way of updatin ting beliefs efs based on new experiences (to reason, to make inferences) CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 22