IMPACT OF TRANSIT SIGNAL PRIORITY (TSP) ON BUS TRA VEL TIMES, LATE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

IMPACT OF TRANSIT SIGNAL PRIORITY (TSP) ON BUS TRA VEL TIMES, LATE BUS RECOVERY , DELAY AND LEVEL OF SERVICE (LOS) Presenter: Sotonye Ikiriko 1 , Deo Chimba 1 College of Engineering, Tennessee State University, Nashville TN 37209 USA 21 st June 2018

2 Introduction � Transit Signal Priority (TSP) � A strategy to Speed up Transit Vehicle Movement � Benefits � Boost Transit Movement Without undue Impact on other Road Users � Reduce Bus Bunching � Improve Transit (bus) Schedule Adherence � Reduce High Auto Dependency � Expand Mobility Choices � Improve Transit ridership � Reduce Energy consumption, green house Gases and other Pollutants

3 Principle of TSP Operation � Components � Transit vehicle detection system � Communication system � Traffic signal control system

4 Why TSP? � Nashville is fast growing � According to Randall Gross everyday 85 people come into Nashville � High traffic congestion � Poor bus serviceability � Poor Schedule Adherence � Transit unattractiveness � According to David Hartgen only 1.5 to 2.5% of Nashville Residents use Transit

5 Study Corridor � Gallatin Pike corridor � 12.3 miles Long � An arterial roadway � two lanes in each direction � continuous left turn lane � 48 signalised intersections � 104 posted bus stops

6 Modelled Section of Gallatin Corridor � 1.83 Miles Long � Two lanes in each Direction � Continuous left turn lane � 9 signalized Intersection � 7 bus stops in each direction

7 Research Objectives Evaluate the impact of TSP on; � Transit operation � Bus Schedule Adherence in Terms of Late bus recovery at bus Stop level � Bus Travel Time Reduction � Mainline and Side Street Delays � Intersection Level of Service (LOS)

Methodology � Microsimulation Software Selection � VISSIM � Data collection � Origin Destination (OD) Matrix Estimation and Validation � Principle of Conservation Of Vehicles � Base Model Development in VISSIM � Base Model Calibration and Validation � Alternative Concept � TSP � VAP code: Green extension and Red truncation TSP strategies

9 Data Collection � Roadway Geometry � Intersection Layout � Lane Configuration � Bus Stop location and Types � Traffic Data � Turning Movement Count(TMC) � General Traffic Travel Time � Transit Data � Speed Profile � Bus travel Time � Boarding and Alighting Count � Ridership � Schedule Adherence � Traffic Control Data � Signal Timing and Phasing Plans

10 Base Model Development � Corridor Geometry � Connectors � Urban Motorised Driving Behaviour � Wiedemann 74 car following Model � Vehicle Composition � Desired Speed Distribution � Public Transportation Stops � Public Transportation Line

11 Dynamic Assignment In VISSIM

12 Base Model Calibration and Validation � OD Matrices Calibration � Speed Calibration � Simulated and Observed Speed (PE < 5%) � Travel Time Validation � Simulated and Observed Travel Time (PE < 15%) PE=Percentage Error

13 TSP Signal Logic Implementation � Passive Priority � It allocates more green time to approaches having higher bus flow than it would for others � Active Priority � Green Extension � Red Truncation � Vehicle Actuated Programing (VAP) Code � Signal Timing and Phasing Plans

AP Code TSP Signal Logic Implementation in V Bus Detector 75m from signal Gap out Detectors Minimum Recall Detectors Bus Detector 75m from signal Signal Head Bus Stop

OD Matrix Calibration and Validation Results OD Matrix Validation 1400 1200 Estimated (Veh\hr) y = 1.3672x - 1.9452 1000 R ² = 0.8569 800 600 400 200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Observed (Veh\hr) OD Matrix Calibration 1600 1400 Simulated (Veh\hr) y = 0.9661x - 2.1964 1200 R ² = 0.9984 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Estimated (Veh\hr)

Impact of TSP on Main Line Travel Time Main Line Travel Time Measurement 600 Base Base + TSP 550 500 Average Travel Time (Sec) 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 EB WB EB WB EB WB EB WB Bus Car HGV All Vehicles MainLine Vehicle Types EB= Eastbound, WB= Westbound

17 Impact of TSP on Main Line Vehicle Delay Main Line Vehicle Delay 300 Base Base + TSP 250 Vehicle Delay (sec) 200 150 100 50 0 EB WB EB WB EB WB EB WB Bus Car HGV All Vehicles Main Line Approach

Late Bus Recovery at Bus Stop Level Late Bus Recovery 400 Base Base + TSP 350 300 Lateness (Sec) 250 200 150 100 50 0 Stop 1 Stop 2 Stop 3 Stop 4 Stop 5 Stop 6 Stop 7 Stop 1 Stop 2 Stop 3 Stop 4 Stop 5 Stop 6 Stop 7 PT Line 1 PT line 2 PT lines and Bus Stops PT Line = Public Transportation Line

Impact of TSP on Side Street Vehicle Delay Side Street Delay Comparison 120 Base Base + TSP 100 Vehicle Delay (Secs) 80 60 40 20 0 NB SB NB SB NB SB NB SB NB SB NB SB NB SB NB SB NB SB Alta Loma Unnamed River Gate Cude Ln Shepherd Conference Liberty Ln North Side 2284-2282 Pkwy Hills Dr TN-6 Intersection Approach SB=Southbound, NB=Northbound

Significance of TSP on Side Street Delay Group Statistics Scenario N Mean Std. Std. Error Deviation Mean Delay Base 64 48.9344 21.25447 2.65681 Base + 64 55.2509 20.20847 2.52606 TSP Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for t-test for Equality of Means Equality of Variances 95% Confidence Mean Interval of the Sig. (2- Difference Std. Error Difference F Sig. t df tailed) Difference Lower Upper Equal variances Delay assumed 0.215 0.643 -1.723 126 0.087 -6.31656 3.66601 -13.57148 1 Equal variances not assumed -1.723 125.68 0.087 -6.31656 3.66601 -13.57166 1

Overall Corridor Performance In Terms of Level of Service Intersection Intersection Delay & LOS Name Base LOS Base + TSP LOS % Increase % Reduce Alta Loma 27.3 C 31.1 C 14.0 Unnamed 0.2 21.5 C 21.5 C Rivergate 24.3 34.1 C 42.4 D Cude Lane 9.2 21.3 C 23.3 C Shepherd Hills 2.2 20.9 C 21.4 C Conference Dr 5.1 24.8 C 26.1 C Liberty 4.6 17.1 B 17.9 B North Side 4.4 17.7 B 18.5 B 2284-2282 TN-6 8.0 A 8.0 A 0.1 All Intersection 21.4 C 23.3 C 8.0 0.1

Conclusion • TSP will reduce bus travel time by about 5% to 10% • Reduce Travel time for other vehicles utilizing the priority approach by about 5.8% • Reduce bus delay by about 11% to 23% • Reduce delay for other vehicles utilizing the priority approach by about 11.6% • Reduce bus lateness by about 34.16% • Increase Side Street Delay by about 15.9%

23 Thank You For Listening Any Questions?