Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy Country Report Germany Presented by Thomas Willke Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Braunschweig Institute of Technology and Biosystems Engineering Second IEA Bioenergy Task 42 Meeting 4/5 October 2007, Vienna, Austria Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 1. Introduction Drivers for biorefineries � limited amounts of non renewables (oil, coal, uranium, phosphorus,…) � global warming due to CO 2 , methane and others � Increasing amounts of wastes (solids, water, air, particulate matter) � decreasing income in rural areas � … Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 1. Introduction Possible Solutions � Switching from oil based industry to biomass based industry (energy 90%, chemicals and materials 10%) � Saving energy and feedstocks � Thinking in circles (closed loop recycling management) � Combining renewables (biomass, sun, wind, water,…) � Development of new technologies � Technology transfer Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 2. Current national biomass use (Overview) • Wood – Energy (powerplants, domestic fuel) – paper, pulp – construction, industry – Materials Oil (rapeseed, sun flower) • – biodiesel – lubricants • Sugar, starch (beat, wheat, potatoe, maize) – chemicals – materials – fermentation products (Ethanol, organic acids, fine chemicals) Energy plants (maize, grain, grass silage) 500 kw elektr. 30t/tag 8000 h/a. • – biogas Residues (agriculture, industry) • – biogas – composting Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 2. Current national biomass use (potential) Cropland Share of actual used Year Source for renewables cropland* [Mio. ha] [%] 2005 BMELV 1,4 11,9 2010 Öko-Institute / DLR 1,94 - 2,5 16,6 - 21,2 2030 Öko-Institute / DLR 3,26 - 4,3 27,9 - 36,4 2050 Öko-Institute / DLR 3,94 - 6,1 33,7 - 51,7 * 11,8 Mio. ha (2003) providing a yield of 10 t/ha, feedstock potential in 2050 is about 40-60 Mio. t (up to 1000 PJ) Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 3. Biomass-related national policy goals legislation • Renewable Energy Law (EEG) – Guaranteed constant benefits for feed in of renewable energy • Wastewood Law (AltholzV) 3/2003 – regulate the usage • Biowaste Directive (BioAbfV) (1998, modified 2006): – Direct the usage of biowaste (domestic, landscape conservation, food residues (kitchen, canteen) Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 3. Biomass-related national policy goals Biofuel Quota Law (BiokraftQuG) 1/2007 Year Biodiesel engine Biofuels (Otto) Combined quota quota quota 2007 4.4 % 1,2 % - 2008 4.4 % 2,0 % - 2009 4.4 % 2,8 % 6,25 % 2010 4.4 % 3,6 % 6,75 % 2011 4.4 % 3,6 % 7,00 % 2012 4.4 % 3,6 % 7,25 % 2013 4.4 % 3,6 % 7,50 % 2014 4.4 % 3,6 % 7,75 % 2015 4.4 % 3,6 % 8,00 % Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 3. Biomass-related national policy goals CO 2 -reduction Council order 9.3.2007 • Share of renewables from actual 6,4% to 20% in 2020 • Reduction of 20 % until 2020 (Cancelor Merkel, EU) • Opositional „Green Party“ demand 30 % and 25 % (non regarding nuclear power) Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 4. Mapping of Existing Biorefineries Primary agricultural sector (small-scale initiatives) Mainly biogas plants • Decentral small plants • Usage of local residues, manure and energy crops • Producing electric power to use benefits from EEG • Problem: waste heat, normally not used, i.e. low efficiency Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 4. Mapping of Existing Biorefineries (Sugar) Danisco Sugar, Germany, Anklam http://www.danisco.com/ Nordzucker AG, Braunschweig http://www.nordzucker.de/ Pfeifer & Langen KG, Köln http://www.pfeifer-langen.de/ Südzucker AG Mannheim/Ochsenfurt http://www.suedzucker.de/ Zuckerfabrik Jülich AG Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 4. Mapping of Existing Biorefineries (Sugar) Company (sugar Sugar production Employes factories in Germany) [mio tons /year] Danisco (1) 0.15 135 Pfeiffer& Langen (5) Capacity: > 0,05 t/d 675 Nordzucker (6) 0.9 (1.6 incl. abroad) 3600 (all) Südzucker (11) 1.4 (4.6 incl. abroad) 1860 (only sugar) Zuckerfabrik Jülich k. A. k. A. AG Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 4. Mapping of Existing Biorefineries (Starch) Non-food Industry (materials, products, …) Avebe, Germany, Dallmin http://www.avebe.com/ Crespel & Deiters GmbH u. Co.KG, Ibbenbüren www.crespel-deiters.de Cargill Deutschland GmbH, Krefeld http://www.cargill.com/ Emsland-stärkeGmbH, Emlichheim http://www.emsland-group.de/ Jäckering Mühlen- und Nährmittelwerke GmbH, Hamm http://www.jäckering.de Hermann Kröner GmbH, Ibbenbüren www.kroener-stärke.de National Starch & Chemical GmbH Kleve www.nationalstarch.com Südstärke GmbH , Schrobenhausen www.suedstärke.de Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 4. Mapping of Existing Biorefineries (pulp/paper) Paper & Pulp industry in Germany (www.vdp-online.de) • 210 production sites with 46,000 employees • 21,6 t paper, 3000 different varities • Total turnover: 13 billion € Only Pulp-production • M-real Stockstadt GmbH, Stockstadt • Rosenthal GmbH, Blankenstein • Sappi, Ahlfeld u. Ehringen • SCA-Hygiene Products GmbH, Mannheim • Zellstoff, Stendal, Arneburg Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy Biogas plants in Germany 55 PJ = 2,3 GWh Gaspower 3500 3500 Number = 0,85 GWh electric power + heat + 2800 3000 auxiliary power + losses 2400 2500 2000 2000 1800 1600 1500 1050 850 1000 617 186 274 370 450 500 100 120 139 159 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Year Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 4. Mapping of Existing Biorefineries (Biodiesel) Oil mills ín Germany All details (interactive) at www.fnr.de Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy Biodiesel Plants in Germany 6 Mio. t/a capacity 5,01 5 production 4 3,57 * 2,9 3 2,4 2,04 2 1,30 1,45 1,10 0,85 0,98 1 0,75 0,51 0,45 0,27 0,14 0,05 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Source: VDB, UFOP, *estimated Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy 4. Mapping of Existing Biorefineries (Bioethanol) Crop energies, Zeitz Verbio AG Zörbig & Schwedt KWST, Hannover B. Icking KG , Seyda Diverse under construction See details at www.fnr.de (interactice) Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Task 42 on Biorefineries IEA Bioenergy Bioethanol plants in Germany Plant Location Feedstock Status Capacity [m 3 /a] sugar running since Crop Energies AG Zeitz 39.000 ha, 260.000 (S ü dzucker AG) 6/2005 grain 94.000 ha Verbio AG grain 36.000 ha, 30% running since formerly: MBE - Z ö rbig 100.000 regional 1/2005 Mitteldeutsche BioEnergie GmbH & Co. KG running since Verbio AG 9/2005 225.000 grain 113.000 ha formerly: NBE - Schwedt (rye) (Production stopped Nordbrandenburger BioEnergie GmbH & Co. KG in Sept 07) KWST-Hannover Hannover Molasses Since 10/2000 20.000 (Kraul & Wilkening and Stelling KG-GmbH & Co.) B. Icking KG Seyda grain since 4/2005 4.000 Diverse Grain, sugar (Nordzucker, Danisco, diverse Under construction 360.000 ca. 120.000 ha PROKON, NAWARO, WABIO, Diverse) Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
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