An IDACORP Company Idaho Power Company’s 2009 Cloud Seeding Program Summary Kevin Wade Meteorological Information Systems Specialist
Idaho Power’s Idaho Power s Cloud Seeding Projects Payette Payette Upper Snake in cooperation with E Id h HCRC&D E. Idaho HCRC&D + Idaho Power Generator + Non-Idaho Power Generator -- Flight Lines Seed Rings
Payette Project Airborne and Ground-based Seeding • • Seeding intended to enhance Seeding intended to enhance snowpack at the higher elevations above 4500’ • • Target area ~ 938 sq miles Target area ~ 938 sq. miles ~ 497 mi 2 above the 6000’ level • • 10 remote ground generators – private property • Combined approach provides more opportunities for addressing storms.
Ground-based Generators
Beech King Air C90 Beech King Air C90 Airborne Seeding Equipment
Payette Payette Operations Summary Silver Iodide (grams) Hours Status Water WY % % TC** Year Normal* Benefit Total Air Ground Air Ground 2003 93% 16 33558 23270 10288 15.4 515 start ‐ up (Feb ‐ April) 2004 74% 5 21485 2803 18682 11.9 930 assessment 2005 65% 7 *** 27301 11122 16179 50.5 810 assessment 2006 136% 15 113173 97710 15463 48.5 768 operational 2007 56% 10 106082 76980 29102 51.3 1351 operational 2008 105% 16 61147 38740 22407 29.4 1123 operational 2009 107% **** 15 50274 26110 24164 17.1 1208 operational * Unregulated Payette Flow calculated at Horseshoe Bend Unregulated Payette Flow calculated at Horseshoe Bend ** TC = Target Control *** DRI Trace chemistry average benefit **** Estimated July 2009 runoff
Payette Benefit Payette Benefit Summary Benefits estimate using: Benefits estimate using: • USBR regression equation for Payette at Horseshoe Bend – Using current 2008 conditions (near normal) g ( ) • Precipitation increase of 10% from cloud seeding • Results in approximately 100 KAF of additional Mar – Jul runoff Estimated cost of additional water ≈ $8 / acre-foot
Upper Snake Upper Snake Cloud Seeding Program Water Year 2009: Water Year 2009: • Placed 3 remote generators to augment the manual network run by the RC&D – IPC Operated and Maintained these units • Provided Meteorology Support for the HFT project. • Operated a Radiometer in Ashton, Id • Provided a Rawinsonde and contracted and operator in Wilford, Id
~ Upper Snake pp Operations Area ( + Idaho Power Generator Non-Idaho Power Generator -- Flight Lines Seed Rings
Upper Snake Upper Snake Generator Locations Kirkham Hollow Kirkham Hollow Antelope Flat Antelope Flat Kilgore Kilgore
Generator Types Bum Head --- - T empe r atu re Prcbe Computer Cont ro l Box lOA1e rV af we Box N ihogBn Bo lee Solul:ion T ani ( K -5tand T °""e r Manual Cloud Manual Cloud Seeding Generator Seeding Generator g IPC Remote Cloud IPC Remote Cloud Seeding Generator Seeding Generator
Upper Snake Upper Snake Operations Summary IPC Upper Snake 3 Remote Generators Ground Generator Usage for 2008 ‐ 2009 g Total Silver Iodide Weather Balloons Month Total Hours (grams) (Sondes) 2008 ‐ 12 82.5 1,649 0 2009 ‐ 01 56.9 1,138 10 2009 ‐ 02 2009 02 42.3 42 3 846 846 12 12 2009 ‐ 03 137.2 2,743 15 2009 ‐ 04 2009 04 51.1 51 1 1,021 1 021 5 5 Totals 369.9 7,398 42
Meteorology Support • • 24/7 project support by 3 24/7 project support by 3 experienced cloud seeding meteorologists • • IPC generators are operated IPC generators are operated ,. remotely from Boise \ ,. • Use public data and IPC Radiometer Rawinsondes and Radiometer, Rawinsondes and Weather Stations. ,. • The meteorologist use this ,, ---, ...... weather data to determine weather data to determine ;; ~ -- ' which generators to turn on and d~ off to seed most effectively.
Radiometrics M3000A Radiometrics M3000A Microwave Radiometer • • Radiometers measure the power Radiometers measure the power radiated by the atmosphere at different wave lengths. They are passive, receive-only instruments, passive, receive only instruments, meaning they emit no radiation themselves. • The wave length of the radiation The wave length of the radiation identifies the source of the emission resulting in a atmospheric profile: – Temperature Temperature – Relative Humidity IPC’s – Liquid Water Fi gure 1. MP '- 3000A Hyper-Spe , ctral Temperatur;e , Humid ity and Liquid Water Profiler.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Radiometer Data • • Real time atmospheric profiling by Real time atmospheric profiling by .. elevation: q Supercooled Supercooled liquid liquid "1 – Temperature 0 - .. i~ e water water ::, ;; :E – Relative Humidity Relative Humidity . ~ .... R lo E (l> "" I- – Liquid Water 0 q 0 – Vapor Density "' II ~ ! " :2 5 I; :i::: ., . !!' {I ,. Q) ]_ (\j ;g "' 0: 0 0 q (\I >!' 1l t - o " :E Fl .~ ., "O :::, I ,;;- "' ..J 0 Fl q " 0 Image courtesy of Radiometrics
~ ~ Rawinsonde "" mb 1 00 AT LL D$ Th~m l / T ROP Lv l 1 029 1 m A CL R1nie 16 FRZC Lv l 3 ~ 62 m A GL Clear Temperature / / cc ! EL Hoc 9S8 1 m AGL f / , lf "C!L Kqc -- m AGL •• m AGL Lf'C Hat. 15 CCL KtJ"t. 3946 m A GL I // I LCL HQ'r:. 1 779 rtJ JL GL Relative Humidity 11ar:. . et:" I 1. 93 Cl'il Ha il -- c rn 14 150 T 2Gusc S t k:C iHn.d. !!::-! 28 11!: C I Pressure Sll EAT 65.0 / , I 13 C AP , 9 ?. 8 Bo yd. en S (TT) 40.4 // KO 2.8 200 12 Wind Direction Ll ) 1.1 TT 48.4 KI 23 . 1 35. 1 •c Tc 11 Wind Speed Wind Speed 2&l · St.arm: 139/ 1 3 0-6Jan 9 - t: ff: 262 0-310n ~ - eH : 23 1 0 - 2!0n 10 ~ - cH : 1 56 0 -1 1crn 300 J /k9 CAP E+ on l y CA.PE 0 - 3kra J/kg CIN t.ot.ci l - - J /k o DC A PE 6km -- J /klJ VGP 0-4km Up to 60,000’ I:HI 0 -2 knt l 400 MW -- 10 / s BRN LFC L t! C. / t.PL 999 rnb / 500 · J 6 00 / 700 - 3 800 · 850 900 925 · 1 0Cll • 0 1 0EIJ a w -20 -10 10 JO 'C
2010 Objectives • Redesign remote generators summer 2009 g g – Less Maintenance – Safety – Faster and easier to deploy Faster and easier to deploy – More cost effective – New generators will replace current units in the Payette • Add 7 to the Upper Snake for a total of 10 remotes – IPC and RC&D are working on the locations. • Continued meteorology support • Continued meteorology support – Rawinsonde
Monitoring & Evaluation • Traditional Target Control Analysis • Traditional Target Control Analysis – Statistical comparison of precipitation (seeded versus non-seeded areas) • Trace Chemistry Analysis y y – Snow chemistry sampling • Cloud Physics Analysis – Sampling clouds at altitude S li l d l i d • Stream Flow Analysis – Statistical comparison of runoff (seeded versus non-seeded areas) p ( ) • Stream Flow Modeling – Using a flow simulation model account for runoff
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