Vision Human vision does not work like a camera The eye makes a series of fixa8ons and saccades fixa8on: maintaining gaze over a single loca5on ( 200-600ms) saccade: movement between loca5ons 20-100ms Based on a slide by Alex Lex
Eye tracking Michelle Borkin Via Alex Lex
Retinal Ganglion Cells Bear, Connors, Paradiso, “Neuroscience” Via Miriah Meyer
Retinal Ganglion Cells Wikipedia Via Miriah Meyer
Miriah Meyer
low activity from center and surround Miriah Meyer
activity increased low activity from (or decreased) center and surround at edge Miriah Meyer
Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Via Miriah Meyer
Cornsweet illusion
Via Miriah Meyer
Via Miriah Meyer
Visual perception is relative
Visual perception is relative Differences in color are rela5ve
Visual perception is relative Color interac5on Wong 2010 Via Miriah Meyer
Visual perception is relative Differences in contrast is rela5ve
Visual perception is relative Differences in contrast is rela5ve
Visual perception is relative Sizes are rela5ve (Ames room)
Take home point Our visual system see differences, not absolute values, and is aYracted to edges. Based on a slide by Miriah Meyer
POPOUT
POPOUT
POPOUT
POPOUT
POPOUT
Based on a slide by T. Munzner
which side has the outlier?
which side has the outlier? C. Healey, 2007
which side has the outlier? C. Healey, 2007
which side has the outlier? C. Healey, 2007
which side has the outlier? C. Healey, 2007
which side has the outlier? conjunctions do not pop out; use a single popout channel at a time to draw attention C. Healey, 2007
Popout / pre-attentive processing • Requires aYen5on, despite the name • Very fast at grabbing aYen5on (less than 200 milli seconds) • Parallel processing, independent of the number of distractors (compared to serial search) • Popout elements have to be salient compared to surrounding • Elements that are a conjunc8on of mul5ple channels ofen do not pop out
Popout channels C. Ware “Information Visualization”
Popout channels no popout C. Ware “Information Visualization”
Conjunction popout? It depends…
C. Ware “Information Visualization”
Semantic Depth of Field C. Ware “Information Visualization”
Semantic Depth of Field R. Kosara
How does pre-a;en8ve processing work? We don’t know for sure, but there are some theories: https://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/ index.html#Preattentive_Theory
How does pre-a;en8ve processing work? We don’t know for sure, but there are some theories: https://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/ index.html#Preattentive_Theory
Take home point We can easily see objects that are different in color and shape, or that are in mo5on Visual features must be carefully designed. Conjunc5ons must be avoided, if popout is desired Based on slides by Miriah Meyer & Alex Lex
Take home point We can easily see objects that are different in color and shape, or that are in mo5on Visual features must be carefully designed. Conjunc5ons must be avoided, if popout is desired Use color and shape sparingly to make the important informa5on pop out Based on slides by Miriah Meyer & Alex Lex
Design critique http://tinyurl.com/6mu8h63
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