How to Write a Scientific Paper Prof. Bruno Castro da Silva Institute of Informatics - UFRGS Heavily based on http://www.meneguzzi.eu/felipe/presentations/paper-writing.pdf
Report for a Class Project vs. Scientific paper
Report for a Class Project Scientific paper
Report for a Class Project Scientific paper
• Science is about being skeptical • when trying to understand something about the world • You don't need to believe in other scientists • It’s their duty to convince you • And you should be able to reproduce their findings • Scientific papers are the way scientists do this
• Science is about being skeptical • when trying to understand something about the world • You don't need to believe in other scientists • It’s their duty to convince you • And you should be able to reproduce their findings • Scientific papers are the way scientists do this
• Science is about being skeptical • when trying to understand something about the world • You don't need to believe in other scientists • It’s their duty to convince you • And you should be able to reproduce their findings • Scientific papers are the way scientists do this
A Scientific Paper
A Scientific Paper
A Scientific Paper • Why? To propose an idea to solve a problem
A Scientific Paper • Why? To propose an idea to solve a problem • How? You need to convince other people • (1) That it’s worth it (the problem is relevant to someone) • (2) That the problem has not yet been solved • or that you can solve it better than other people • (3) And that you really did (at least partially) solved it • or that you found a better way of solving it
A Scientific Paper • Why? To propose an idea to solve a problem • How? You need to convince other people • (1) That it’s worth it (the problem is relevant to someone) • (2) That the problem has not yet been solved • or that you can solve it better than other people • (3) And that you really did (at least partially) solved it • or that you found a better way of solving it
A Scientific Paper • Why? To propose an idea to solve a problem • How? You need to convince other people • (1) That it’s worth it (the problem is relevant to someone) • (2) That the problem has not yet been solved Jiwon Han (…) received this prize for studying the movement of coffee when a person • or that you can solve it better than other people carries it while walking backwards Han demonstrated his findings – that we are more likely to spill coffee when walking • (3) And that you really did (at least partially) solved it backwards with it – on stage during the ceremony, holding a disposable cup of coffee • or that you found a better way of solving it (Ig Nobel Prizes 2017)
A Scientific Paper • Why? To propose an idea to solve a problem • How? You need to convince other people • (1) That it’s worth it (the problem is relevant to someone) • (2) That the problem has not yet been solved • or that you can solve it better than other people • (3) And that you really did (at least partially) solved it • or that you found a better way of solving it
A Scientific Paper • Why? To propose an idea to solve a problem • How? You need to convince other people • (1) That it’s worth it (the problem is relevant to someone) • (2) That the problem has not yet been solved • or that you can solve it better than other people • (3) And that you really did (at least partially) solved it • or that you found a better way of solving it
A Scientific Paper • Why? To propose an idea to solve a problem • How? You need to convince other people • (1) That it’s worth it (the problem is relevant to someone) • (2) That the problem has not yet been solved • or that you can solve it better than other people • (3) And that you really did (at least partially) solved it • or that you found a better way of solving it
Structure of a Scientific Paper • Title • Abstract • Introduction • The problem • My idea • The details • Related work • Conclusions and further work
Structure of a Scientific Paper • Title (1000 readers) • Abstract (4 sentences, 100 readers) • Introduction (1 page, 100 readers) • The problem (1 page, 10 readers) • My idea (2 pages, 10 readers) • The details (5 pages, 3 readers) • Related work (1-2 pages, 10 readers) • Conclusions and further work (0.5 pages)
Structure of a Scientific Paper • Title (1000 readers) • Abstract (4 sentences, 100 readers) (1,2,3) • Introduction (1 page, 100 readers) (1,2,3) • The problem (1 page, 10 readers) (1,2) • My idea (2 pages, 10 readers) (3) • The details (5 pages, 3 readers) (3) • Related work (1-2 pages, 10 readers) (2) • Conclusions and further work (0.5 pages) (1,2,3) (1) - What is the problem + why it’s worth it (2) - Why it hasn’t been completely solved yet (3) - How I did solve it (partially?)
A Scientific Paper
A Scientific Paper Fallacy You need to have a fantastic idea before you can write a paper
A Scientific Paper Fallacy you You need to have a fantastic idea before you can write a paper
Structure of a Scientific Paper Ultimate goal is to convey an idea
Structure of a Scientific Paper Ultimate goal is to convey an idea
Structure of a Scientific Paper Ultimate goal is to convey an idea
Structure of a Scientific Paper Ultimate goal is to convey an idea
Structure of a Scientific Paper Ultimate goal is to convey an idea
Structure of a Scientific Paper Ultimate goal is to convey an idea
Structure of a Scientific Paper Ultimate goal is to convey an idea
Structure of a Scientific Paper Ultimate goal is to convey an idea
Structure of a Scientific Paper Ultimate goal is to convey an idea
Structure of a Scientific Paper • Title (1000 readers) • Abstract (4 sentences, 100 readers) (1,2,3) • Introduction (1 page, 100 readers) (1,2,3) • The problem (1 page, 10 readers) (1,2) • My idea (2 pages, 10 readers) (3) • The details (5 pages, 3 readers) (3) • Related work (1-2 pages, 10 readers) (2) • Conclusions and further work (0.5 pages) (1,2,3) (1) - What is the problem + why it’s worth it (2) - Why it hasn’t been completely solved yet (3) - How I did solve it (partially?)
Structure of a Scientific Paper • Title (1000 readers) • Abstract (4 sentences, 100 readers) (1,2,3) • Introduction (1 page, 100 readers) (1,2,3) • The problem (1 page, 10 readers) (1,2) • My idea (2 pages, 10 readers) (3) • The details (5 pages, 3 readers) (3) • Related work (1-2 pages, 10 readers) (2) • Conclusions and further work (0.5 pages) (1,2,3) Learning Unknown Markov Decision Processes: A Thompson Sampling Approach The Expxorcist: Nonparametric Graphical Models Via Conditional Exponential Densities
Structure of a Scientific Paper • Title (1000 readers) • Abstract (4 sentences, 100 readers) (1,2,3) • Introduction (1 page, 100 readers) (1,2,3) • The problem (1 page, 10 readers) (1,2) • My idea (2 pages, 10 readers) (3) • The details (5 pages, 3 readers) (3) • Related work (1-2 pages, 10 readers) (2) • Conclusions and further work (0.5 pages) (1,2,3) (1) - What is the problem + why it’s worth it (2) - Why it hasn’t been completely solved yet (3) - How I did solve it (partially?)
Abstract • Used by peers to decide which papers to read • Four sentences: • State the problem • Say why it’s an interesting problem • Say what your solution achieves • Say what follows from your solution
Abstract • Used by peers to decide which papers to read • Four sentences: • State the problem • Say why it’s an interesting problem • Say what your solution achieves • Say what follows from your solution
Abstract • Used by peers to decide which papers to read • Four sentences: • State the problem • Say why it’s an interesting problem • Say what your solution achieves • Say what follows from your solution • Example • Robots cannot fly • This is a pity, because flying robots would be useful to deliver mail • We propose a method by which humanoid robots can fly at subsonic speeds by using a magic engine • We compare our method with two sample state-of-the-art techniques and show that ours perform better when there is no wind. We expect our method will allow for faster mail delivery
Structure of a Scientific Paper • Title (1000 readers) • Abstract (4 sentences, 100 readers) (1,2,3) • Introduction (1 page, 100 readers) (1,2,3) • The problem (1 page, 10 readers) (1,2) • My idea (2 pages, 10 readers) (3) • The details (5 pages, 3 readers) (3) • Related work (1-2 pages, 10 readers) (2) • Conclusions and further work (0.5 pages) (1,2,3) (1) - What is the problem + why it’s worth it (2) - Why it hasn’t been completely solved yet (3) - How I did solve it (partially?)
Introduction • Describe the problem • State your contributions • Restate key items from the abstract • (motivation/why the problem is interesting, etc) • And use intuitive language
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