WSN16@CUHK Himawari-8 current applications and future development Hiroshi SUZUE and Yasuhiko SUMIDA Meteorological Satellite Center Japan Meteorological Agency
MSC/ JMA Outline Overview of Himawari-8/ 9 AHI and its products Improved Resolutions Advantages of High Observation Frequency Operational Products developed at MSC/JMA Detection of Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area (RDCA) Algorithm Case Studies Future Plans Summary 27 July 2016 2
MSC/ JMA Outline Overview of Himawari-8/ 9 and their products Improved Resolutions Advantages of High Observation Frequency Operational Products developed at MSC/JMA Detection of Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area Algorithm Case Studies Future Plans Summary 27 July 2016 3
Himawari-8 began operation at 02:00 UTC on 7 th July 2015. 4 27 July 2016
MSC/ JMA Outline of Himawari-8/9 Geostationary Around 140.7 ° E position Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) communication antennas Attitude control 3-axis attitude-controlled geostationary satellite 1) Raw observation data transmission Ka-band, 18.1 - 18.4 GHz (downlink) 2) DCS International channel 402.0 - 402.1 MHz (uplink) Domestic channel Communication 402.1 - 402.4 MHz (uplink) Transmission to ground segments Ka-band, 18.1 - 18.4 GHz (downlink) 3) Telemetry and command solar panel Ku-band, 12.2 - 12.75 GHz (downlink) 13.75 - 14.5 GHz (uplink) Himawari-8 began operation on 7 July 2015, replacing the previous MTSAT-2 operational satellite 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 operation standby MTSAT-1R MTSAT-2 standby operation standby manufacture launch operation standby Himaw mawari-8 a package manufacture launch operation standby Himaw mawari-9 standby purchase 27 July 2016 5
MSC/ JMA Improved Resolutions Spatial Spectral 1 band 3 bands At sub-satellite point VIS VIS VIS 1 km VIS 0.5/1 km IR 4 km IR 2 km MTSAT-1 R/ 2 Him aw ari-8 / 9 R G B Tem poral 3 bands NIR Observation Frequency 4 bands 10 bands IR IR full-disk obs. 16 bands 5 bands MTSAT-1 R/ 2 Him aw ari-8 / 9 MTSAT-1 R/ 2 Him aw ari-8 / 9 27 July 2016 6
MSC/ JMA Spectral Bands Him aw ari-8 / 9 I m ager ( AHI ) cf. Spatial Central Band Physical Properties MTSAT-2 Resolution W avelength Bands 0.47 μ m 1 vegetation, aerosol 1 km 0.51 μ m 3 Visible Bands 2 Visible vegetation, aerosol VIS 0.64 μ m 3 0.5 km low cloud, fog 0.68 μ m 0.86 μ m 4 1 km vegetation, aerosol Addition of NIR Near 1.6 μ m 5 cloud phase Infrared Bands 2 km 2.3 μ m 6 particle size IR4 3.9 μ m 7 low cloud, fog, forest fire 3.7 μ m 6.2 μ m 8 mid- and upper-level moisture IR3 Increase of WV 6.9 μ m 9 mid-level moisture 6.8 μ m Bands 7.3 μ m 1 0 mid- and lower-level moisture 8.6 μ m 1 1 cloud phase, SO2 Infrared 2 km 9.6 μ m 1 2 ozone content IR1 10.4 μ m 1 3 cloud imagery, information of cloud top Increase of TIR 10.8 μ m Bands 11.2 μ m 1 4 cloud imagery, sea surface temperature IR2 12.4 μ m 1 5 cloud imagery, sea surface temperature 12.0 μ m 13.3 μ m 1 6 cloud top height 27 July 2016 7
MSC/ JMA More Flexible Regional Observation Several types of regional observations can be performed during 10 minutes of full-disk observation. Full-disk observation (10 min.) Full-disk Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 4,5 Observation (NE Japan) (SW Japan) (Target) (Landmark) Interval 10 min. 2.5 min. 2.5 min. 2.5 min. 0.5 min. 27 July 2016 8
MSC/ JMA Observation modes and intervals Visible band July 9-10, 2015 True Color RGB Targeted Area obs. 2.5 min. Japan & Vicinity Obs . 2.5 min. Full Disk Obs. 10 min. 27 July 2016 9 Visible band
MSC/ JMA Himawari-8 Level-2/3 Products 27 July 2016 10
MSC/ JMA Fundamental Cloud Product Basically referring to the NWC-SAF’s ATBDs for MSG/ SEVIRI Adapted to AHI by JMA (in-house codes at JMA) For other AHI Level-2/ 3 products developed at MSC/ JMA Cloud Mask, Cloud Phase/Type, Derived parameters Cloud Top Height (Including Top Press. and Top Temp.) Projection Normalized Geostationary Projection (same as HSD) Spatial resolution 2km@SSP (same as HSD for infrared bands) Temporal resolution Hourly Cloud Mask Cloud Phase Cloud Type Cloud Top Height Ice Water Mixed Opaque Fractional Semi- 0 25,400 [m] transparent 27 July 2016
MSC/ JMA High-resolution Cloud Analysis Information(HCAI) Produced from FCP via projection conversion Reproduced Cloud Type for cloud monitoring Provided to foreign NMHSs as well as domestic users Derived parameters Cloud Mask, Cloud Type, Cloud Top Height, Snow Ice Mask Projection Lon/Lat grid Spatial resolution 0.02 degree x 0.02 degree Temporal resolution Hourly Cloud Type Cloud Top Height Snow Ice Mask Cloud Mask 12
MSC/ JMA Clear Sky Radiances (CSRs) Area averaged clear sky radiance and brightness temperature Provided to NWP users Specifications: All IR bands (3.9, 6.2, 6.9, 7.3, 8.6, 9.6, 10.4, 11.2, 12.4, 13.3 μm ) • • Full disk, Hourly produced • Spatial resolution (size of area for averaging): 16 x 16 pixel (IR) (32 x 32 km @SSP) Band #9 (6.9 um) Band #10 (7.3 um) Band #8 (6.2 um) [K] 0300 UTC 20 April 2015 27 July 2016 13
MSC/ JMA Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) A new algorithm was developed for AMVs detection based on an optimal estimation method Provided to NWP users MTSAT-2 AMVs (QI > 60) Himawari-8 AMVs (QI > 60) Resolution Resolution 2km/10min. 4km/30min. Resolution 4km/60min. Colder color : upper level wind 1700 UTC 14 Jan. 2015 Warmer color : lower level wind 27 July 2016 14
Detection of Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area MSC/ JMA Himaw awari ari-8 I Ima mage gery JM JMA’s W Wea eather R Rad adar S Syste tem Co Conv nvective Clo Cloud Inform format ation JM JMA’s L Lightn tning D Dete etecti tion N Netw etwork （ LIDEN EN ） Cb Cb Cloud uds 2014 HIMAWARI-8 Rapi pidl dly ▲ :Cloud d - Clo Cloud Devel De velop oped ed × :Cloud d - Ground Unknown own 2016 HIMAWARI-9
MSC/ JMA Outline Overview of Himawari-8/ 9 and their products Improved Resolutions Advantages of High Observation Frequency Operational Products developed at MSC/JMA Detection of Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area Algorithm Case Studies Future Plans Summary 27 July 2016 16
MSC/ JMA Developing Cumulus and Radar Echo 積乱雲の発達 ( 模式図 ) Developing of Cumulus (model) height ← heavy rain area 高度 気象レーダー 10km of Met. Radar 探知可能強雨域 5km 20 分 10 分 15 分 0 分 25 分 30 分 15 min 20 min 25 min 30 min 時間 ( 分 ) 0 min 10 min time Chisholm, A. J. and Renick, J. H. (1972) [traced and added] 3min 3min If we can detect cumulus that is growing rapidly, Prepare for we get to know thunderstorm coming earlier thunderstorm! than the radar ! 27 July 2016 17
MSC/ JMA RDCA Product Convective Cloud Information Cumulonimbus Rapidly Developing Cumulus Mid/Low cloud unknown 27 July 2016 18
MSC/ JMA RDCA Product Cumulonimbus Rapidly Developing Area Mid/Low cloud Cumulus Area unknown Area Rapidly Developing Cumulus Area (RDCA) Developing cumulous Current/Future disturbance is expected Cumulonimbus Area ？ A round top, except for anvil cirrus Strong upward flow is expected Mid/Low Cloud Unknown Area Anvil cirrus Anvil cirrus hides clouds below 27 July 2016 19
MSC/ JMA Concept of RDCA Detection Cloud Height After 5 min. Cloud top adjacent Developing cumulus → • Cloud top is higher Brightness temperature is getting low. • Roughness of cloud top increases Contrast between light and dark is getting clear. e.g. Difference of reflective intensity is increasing in visible image. • Cloud microphysical parameters change Ice particles are produced near cloud top 27 July 2016 20
MSC/ JMA RDCA : Decision Process Logistic Regression Model 1 = p ∑ + − + 1 exp a a i x 0 i i Probability ility Detec ection on Three c ee cla lass p parameters; （ forec orecast ） paramet eter ers ○ :<25 250K 0K, ○ :250~2 250~273 73.15 15K, ○ :>273 >273.15 15K (13. Jul. 2011 ) lightning obs. [num/area ] The correlation between lightning and regression Actual Probability Coefficients a i are determined by the “p” logi gist stic regr gress ession on m model when lightning occurs within 60 minutes after observed variable x i . develop lopin ing Predicted Probability p => High “P” area is decided as RDCA 27 July 2016 21
MSC/ JMA RDCA detection parameters Detection Parameter Main Objective Only B03(0.64 μ m):Max-Ave.* 2 day time B03:Standad Deviation* 2 Cloud Top Roughness Detection B13(10.4 μ m):Min.-Ave. B13:Standard Deviation One Scene B16(13.3 μ m)-B13 Parameters B08(6.2 μ m)-B13 Ice Cloud Detection B15(12.4 μ m)-B13 New B11(8.6μm) -B13 Water Vapor Detection above B10(7.3μm) -B08 Cloud Top Only Temporal Variation of day time B03 Average Value* 2 Developing Cloud Detection Temporal Variation of Time Change B13 Average Value Parameters Temporal Variation of B11-B13 Average Value Developing Ice Particle New Temporal Variation of Detection B15-B13 Average Value 27 July 2016 22
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