High-z protocluster candidates with Planck, Herschel & Spitzer Clément Martinache, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Univ. Paris- Saclay Collaborators : Hervé Dole, Alessandro Rettura, Benjamin Clarenc & SPHerIC collaboration. 1 - Motivations 2 – z~2 structures with Planck & Herschel 3 – SPHerIC : Spitzer Planck Herschel Infrared Clusters 4 – Millimetric follow-up 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 1 Paris, Oct. 2016 - High Redshift (proto)Clusters: anecdotal or important phases ?
1/ Motivations Crucial epoch in star formation history z > 1.5 – 2. of cluster galaxies Hundreds of candidates, few confirmed. This talk : sample of 84 candidates biased toward intense star-formation 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 2
2/ Searching for z~2 structures with Planck and Herschel Planck/HFI assets : - 353, 545, 857 GHz bands probe dusty star formation at z~2. - All sky (Rare objects, 10 -1 deg -2 ) - HFI beam comparable to z~2 structures angular size. (5' ↔ 2.5Mpc) Method principle: Detect excess emission at 545 GHz. Color lines : MBB, β = 1.5, T=30K Planck Intermediate Paper, XXXIX (submitted) 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 3
2/ Searching for z~2 structures with Planck and Herschel Planck/HFI assets : - 353, 545, 857 GHz bands probe dusty star formation at z~2. - All sky (Rare objects, 10 -1 deg -2 ) - HFI beam comparable to z~2 structures angular size. (5' ↔ 2.5Mpc) Method principle: Detect excess emission at 545 GHz. → 2151 candidates (Planck list of high-z sources) .yr -1 from - z~2 and SFR ~ 30 000 M ⊙ MBB fits. Color lines : MBB, β = 1.5, T=30K Planck Intermediate Paper, XXXIX (submitted) 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 4
2/ Searching for z~2 structures with Planck and Herschel - 228 candidates followed up with Herschel/SPIRE - Only 4 galactic cirrus - Large overdensities of SPIRE red sources associated with Planck. (50% sample >10σ ; S 350μm /S 250μm > 0.7 ; S 500μm /S 350μm > 0.6 ) .yr -1 per source. - SFR ~ 700 M ⊙ Total compatible with Planck - Photo-z ~ 2 (compatible with Planck) Planck Intermediate Paper XXVII 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 5
2/ Searching for z~2 structures with Planck and Herschel - 232 candidates followed up with Herschel/SPIRE - Only 4 galactic cirrus - Large overdensities of SPIRE red sources associated with Planck. (50% sample >10σ ; S 350μm /S 250μm > 0.7 ; S 500μm /S 350μm > 0.6 ) .yr -1 per source. - SFR ~ 700 M ⊙ Total compatible with Planck - Photo-z ~ 2 (compatible with Planck) White : Planck source 50% emission contour Yellow : Red sources overdensity contours (>2 σ) Planck Intermediate Paper XXVII 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 6
2/ Searching for z~2 structures with Planck and Herschel - 232 candidates followed up with Herschel/SPIRE - Only 4 galactic cirrus - Large overdensities of SPIRE red sources associated with Planck. (50% sample >10σ ; S 350μm /S 250μm > 0.7 ; S 500μm /S 350μm > 0.6 ) .yr -1 per source. - SFR ~ 700 M ⊙ Total compatible with Planck - Photo-z ~ 2 (compatible with Planck) White : Planck source 50% emission contour Yellow : Red sources overdensity contours (>2 σ) Planck Intermediate Paper XXVII 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 7
2/ Searching for z~2 structures with Planck and Herschel - 228 candidates followed up with Herschel/SPIRE - Only 4 galactic cirrus - Large overdensities of SPIRE red sources associated with Planck. (50% sample >10σ ; S 350μm /S 250μm > 0.7 ; S 500μm /S 350μm > 0.6 ) N .yr -1 per source. - SFR ~ 700 M ⊙ Total compatible with Planck - Photo-z ~ 2 (compatible with Planck) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Redshift z Planck Intermediate Paper XXVII 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 8
2/ Searching for z~2 structures with Planck and Herschel - 228 candidates followed up with Herschel/SPIRE 25K - Only 4 galactic cirrus - Large overdensities of SPIRE red sources associated with Planck. (50% sample >10σ ; S 350μm /S 250μm > 0.7 ; N S 500μm /S 350μm > 0.6 ) 35K .yr -1 per source. - SFR ~ 700 M ⊙ Total compatible with Planck - Photo-z ~ 2 (compatible with Planck) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 SFR per source (M ⊙ .yr -1 ) Planck Intermediate Paper XXVII 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 9
3/ SPHerIC : Spitzer Planck Herschel Infrared Clusters SF galaxy z~2 Planck (PHZ): 2151 candidates Densité de flux (log) ~5' 353, 545, 857 GHz Herschel : 228 candidates ~20'' 250, 350, 500 μm SPHerIC: 84 candidates 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 ~2'' 3.6, 4.5 μm λ (log) IRAC bands 30' x 30' HFI & SPIRE bands 2 programs (GO9, GO11), 70h of observations, 90 candidates followed-up. 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 10
3/ Searching for structures with Spitzer - Color-cut selects high-z galaxies : [3.6]-[4.5]>-0.1 → z>1.3 ( Papovich, 2008, ApJ, 676:206) - Search for structures as overdensities of such sources : hundreds of candidates. e.g. Rettura et al., 2014, ApJ, 797:109 ; Muzzin et al. 2013, ApJ, 767:39 ; Wylezalek, 2013 – ApJ, 769:79. SPHerIC : Search for overdensities of such sources around SPIRE sources (biased toward intense star-formation) 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 11
3/ SPHerIC Red/Blue crosses : White circle: Red/Blue IRAC sources radius 1', centered on SPIRE emission - Calculate source density in 1' radius circle centered on the brightest red SPIRE source. - Corresponds to overdensity of red IRAC sources ? - How many IRAC sources are responsible for the SPIRE emission ? FoV = 2.4' x 2.4' Dashed colored lines : Grey/black line : Overdensity contours SPIRE Emission contour 2.5, 3... 4.5 σ (3 σ) (250/350 μm) 26 red sources.arcmin - From SPIRE : 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 12 .yr -1 z~2, SFR ~ 700 M⊙
3/ SPHerIC Σ SpUDS Σ SpUDS + 3σ SpUDS Random 1' radius μ+3σ circles in SpUDS. SpUDs : control field, ~ 1 deg 2 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 13
3/ SPHerIC Σ SpUDS Σ SpUDS + 3σ SpUDS CARLA : Clusters Around Radio-Loud AGN. Wylezalek, 2013 – ApJ, 769:79. Wylezalek, 2014 – ApJ, 786:717. 27% are 3σ overdense 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 14
3/ SPHerIC Σ SpUDS Σ SpUDS + 3σ SpUDS 76% are 3σ overdense ! 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 15
3/ SPHerIC : differential radial density profiles Mean density SpUDS 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 16
3/ SPHerIC : differential radial density profiles - SPIRE emission associated to IRAC red sources overdensity - Large scale overdensity Mean density SpUDS 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 17
3/ SPHerIC 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 18
3/ SPHerIC : Color-Magnitude Diagrams. Blue : 1 σ dispersion ; Black line : median ; black points : sources at r<1' from SPIRE emission. 55% fields with dispersion < 0.15 and median >0.1 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 19
3/SPHerIC : Photometric redshift estimation Photometric Redshift ] 5 . 4 [ - ] 6 . 3 [ Redshift From COSMOS photometric data. Couleur = Nb galaxies IRAC Color = Redshift estimator 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 20
3/ SPHerIC : Photometric redshift estimation Photometric redshifts From median color sources r<1' from SPIRE Grayed : z>1.7 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 21 source, [4.5]<22. (plateau [3.6]-[4.5] vs. z)
3/SPHerIC : Photometric redshift estimation Rettura et al., 2014, ApJ, 797:109 Clusters in the SSDF. Photometric redshifts Grayed : z>1.7 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 22 (plateau [3.6]-[4.5] vs. z)
4/ Millimeter Follow-up z=2.153 .yr -1 (SPIRE) SFR ~ 1700 M⊙ M mol = 2.6+/-0.5 10 11 M⊙ T depletion, gaz ~ 10 8 years 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 23 EMIR/30m - IRAM
4/ Millimeter Follow-up Δv = 800 km.s -1 ! (Preliminary !) z=2.161 z=2.153 .yr -1 (SPIRE) SFR ~ 1700 M⊙ M mol = 2.6+/-0.5 10 11 M⊙ T depletion, gaz ~ 10 8 years 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 24 EMIR/30m - IRAM
4/ Millimeter Follow-up 4 SPIRE sources in 3 Planck sources confirmed (z=1.32, 2.15, Δv = 800 km.s -1 ! (Preliminary !) 2.15, 2.36 ). 1 awaiting confirmation (z=2.55). z=2.161 NOEMA data on z=2.36 candidate. z=2.153 ALMA data on another candidate. mm interferometry → identify star forming galaxies. .yr -1 (SPIRE) SFR ~ 1700 M⊙ M mol = 2.6+/-0.5 10 11 M⊙ T depletion, gaz ~ 10 8 years 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 25 EMIR/30m - IRAM
Conclusions ● Unique sample biased toward the most intense star forming regions at z~2. ● Spitzer reveals large overdensities of high-z galaxies. ● First spectroscopic redshifts arriving. ● Need ground based NIR and HST-GRISM spectroscopy 10/06/16 Clément Martinache 26
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